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Nutrition

Nutrition. NUR 102 Lab Module I. Enteral Nutrition. Definition—administration of nutrients directly into the GI tract Beneficial when oral feedings are not possible, but the stomach or intestines are able to digest nutrients Preferred over parenteral nutrition. Evidence-Based Practice.

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Nutrition

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  1. Nutrition NUR 102 Lab Module I

  2. Enteral Nutrition • Definition—administration of nutrients directly into the GI tract • Beneficial when oral feedings are not possible, but the stomach or intestines are able to digest nutrients • Preferred over parenteral nutrition

  3. Evidence-Based Practice • Indications • Impaired swallowing or gag reflex usually related to a neurological process • Nutritional deficit due to decreased food ingestion • Inability to eat related to surgery, injury, or disease

  4. Continued… • Complications • Displacement of tube • Electrolyte imbalance • Hyperglycemia • Constipation • Diarrhea • Clogging of the tube • Vomiting • Pulmonary aspiration

  5. Enteral Feeding • Types • Nasogastric—a small tube that is passed through the nares into the stomach • Nasointestinal—tungsten-weighted tube inserted through the nares to allow peristalsis to move the tube through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum or jejunum • Gastrostomy—surgically placed feeding tube inserted into the stomach in the LUQ of the abdomen

  6. Continued…

  7. Continued…

  8. Continued…

  9. Equipment Needed • NG tube • Catheter tip syringe, 60cc • Tape or tube fixation device • Cup of water or ice chips for the patient • Clean gloves

  10. Continued…

  11. Insertion of a Nasogastric or Nasointestinal Tube • Refer to Skill 30-1, pg 1014

  12. Verifying Tube Placement • X-ray after initial insertion • pH of aspirate • Air bolus auscultation • Aspiration of gastric contents or feeding

  13. NG Tube Irrigation • Refer to Skill 30-3, pg 1025

  14. Intermittent or Bolus Continuous drip Types of NG Feedings

  15. Equipment for Feeding • Clean gloves • 60cc syringe or feeding bag • Formula

  16. Feeding Administration • Refer to Skill 30-4, pg 1028

  17. Evaluation of Feeding • Measure residual per policy—notify MD if >100cc • Monitor blood sugar levels per policy • Intake and output every 8 hours • Monitor lab values—albumin, prealbumin, protein, transferrin

  18. Continued… • Daily weights • Assess respiratory status • Assess level of comfort • Assess abdomen—bowel sounds

  19. Gastrostomy Feedings • Refer to Skill 30-5, pg 1036

  20. NCLEX Review Questions

  21. Parenteral Therapy • Definition—specialized nutrition support delivered intravenously • Ideal for patients who cannot digest or absorb enteral nutrition • Provides amino acids, dextrose, fat emulsions, vitamins, minerals, and trace elements

  22. Central Venous Catheter

  23. PICC Line

  24. Nursing Care • Refer to Skill 31-1, pg 1049, Skill31-2, pg 1-57, and Skill 31-3, pg 1061

  25. NCLEX Review Questions

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