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The Russian Revolution (1917- 1920)

The Russian Revolution (1917- 1920). AP EURO – Chapter 25: Imperialism, Alliances, and War (pages 854-858). Russia by the 1800’s …. 1 . Multi-Ethnic & Diverse 2. Multi- Cultural 100 different languages spoken by the people throughout the Russian Territory Various faiths.

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The Russian Revolution (1917- 1920)

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  1. The Russian Revolution (1917- 1920) AP EURO – Chapter 25: Imperialism, Alliances, and War (pages 854-858)

  2. Russia by the 1800’s … • 1. Multi-Ethnic & Diverse • 2. Multi- Cultural • 100 different languages spoken by the people throughout the Russian Territory • Various faiths

  3. Political Structure in Pre- Revolutionary Russia • Type of Government: • “AUTOCRACY”-government in which 1 person rules with unlimited authority • Ruler: CZAR- means “emperor” or “monarch” derived from “Caesar”

  4. Russian Absolute Monarchs • 1. Peter the Great – ruled: 1682-1725 • Modernized Russia • Built St. Petersburg • 2. Catherine the Great – ruled : 1762-1796 • Territorial expansion • Suppressed Pugachev’s Rebellion (1773-1775) an uprising of serfs

  5. The Winter Palace – Built by Peter the Great • Official residence of monarchs 1732- 1917

  6. Russian Serfs • Serf – a Russian peasant legally bound to reside and work on “lord’s” land • “Un-free” status • Bound peasants to rural areas and to their land lord

  7. Czar Alexander I ( Ruled 1801-1825) • Napoleon invaded Russia in the winter • Russian Soldiers were exposed and influenced by Western ideas during Napoleonic wars • “Secret Societies” emerged: wanted economic reform, a constitutional government, AND freedom for serfs

  8. Czar Nicholas I (ruled: 1825-1855) • Strengthened the autocracy (his power) by: • 1. Censoring the Press • 2. Establishing a “Secret Police”- allowed to arrest & imprison people without trial • 3. “Autocracy, orthodoxy, and nationality!” -CNI • He was Alexander I’s brother->

  9. Czar Nicholas I (ruled: 1825-1855) • The Decembrist Revolt (1825) – • A group of military officials rebelled and staged a coup • Felt threatened by Czar Nicholas I’s conservative views

  10. Czar Nicholas I "Land of the Tsars" • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXPP1j1yahg • Czar Alexander II • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PFQ7Th_rAs

  11. Czar Alexander II (ruled: 1855-1881) • “The Czar Liberator” • 1. 1861 signed Emancipation Manifesto - granted Freedom to serfs • 2. Limited the authority of secret police • 3. Modernized judicial system

  12. Czar Alexander II • 4. expanded education • 5. re-organized the Russian army • 6. Reduced military service from 25 yrs to 6 yrs • 7. Promoted industrialization

  13. Alexander II’s Problems… • 95% of population were peasants, most serfs. • Free serfs received no land, had no skills. • Found themselves homeless and unemployed • Landowners were furious - they lost land & power

  14. Assassination Attempts against Czar Alexander II • Radical Revolutionaries… • 1. Shot at Alex II (bullets missed him 1879) • 2. Bombed Alex’s train (he survived 1879) • 3. Bombed palace 1880 (he survived) • 4. Threw bombs at his carriage • Alex II survived initial threat… but then • Stepped out of his carriage and died in 1881

  15. Czar Alexander II " Land of the Tsars" • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PFQ7Th_rAs

  16. Czar Alexander III- (Ruled: 1881-1894) Established a rule of fear • 1. “Russification”- persecuted those who anyone who spoke a language other than Russian or followed a religion other than Eastern Orthodoxy • 2. Established “Pogroms”- organized massacres of minority groups

  17. Czar Nicholas II (ruled: 1894-1917) • Inherited Russia’s long history of social and political problems • Not prepared to rule

  18. The Romanov Royal Family • Wife Empress Alexandra • 4 Daughters: Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia • 1 Son : Alexis

  19. Prince Alexis • Suffered from • “Hemophilia” – a Disease which prevents normal clotting of blood • No known treatment • Disease kept secret from public

  20. So the Family Hired a “Healer”… Named RASPUTIN * Self -proclaimed monk & mystic Healer * Empress hired him to “heal” son He was not who he appeared to be!!! Influenced Czar Nicholas II politically

  21. 1905- “Bloody Sunday” • Workers’ Peaceful march to St. Petersburg turned violent • Protested food and fuel shortages • Soldiers opened fire to unarmed crowd • Russian press claimed 100 died, many wounded • Protestors claimed 1,000 died

  22. Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) • Russia and Japan fought over the province of Manchuria • Russian Ships vs. Japanese ships • Japan sanks2/3rds of the Russian fleet • Humiliating defeat for Czar Nicholas II

  23. October Manifesto, 1905 • Czar Nicholas II Promised Reforms • 1. Constitution • 2. Civil Liberties/ Civil Rights and a • 3. Duma or legislature

  24. Czar Nicholas II " Land of the Tsars" • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-x4VcmHfxU

  25. Meanwhile…

  26. … Rasputin • Continued to influence Czar Nicholas II and the+ Czarina • Claimed he “cured” son’s hemophilia • People were skeptical of Rasputin …

  27. Rasputin’s Death 1916… • 1916 nobles planned his assassination • They Poisoned him at dinner… • He survived! • They Shot him… • Still alive! • They Beat him with a candlestick! • He was Not dead yet!

  28. Rasputin’s Death… • Rasputin was thrown into an icy river… • He was still breathing.

  29. The Death of Rasputin "Landof the Tsars" • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1W1b6j8U46k

  30. New Political Philosophies • Socialism – belief that the means of production capital, land, raw materials, factories should be owned and controlled by society, not individuals • Communism – a society without class distinctions or private property (equality )

  31. Karl Marx ‘s Theories : • “History advances through conflict” • The Class that controls production is the ruling class • This causes the gap between social classes • Competition causes society’s problems

  32. The “Bolshevik” Rebels • Believed the Working class should lead revolution and seize control • Led by Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov “Lenin” • Goal : to create a socialist state with no social classes, no private property

  33. 1917 March Revolution • Food riots in St. Petersburg • Czar Nicholas II ordered Duma (legislative body) to dissolve • Czar ordered troops to suppress disorder • Neither obeyed the Czar

  34. March 15, 1917 • Czar Nicholas II abdicated the Throne • Family was Evacuated in August • March 17, 1917 Russia Proclaimed a republic • Provisional government was established

  35. Lenin & the Bolshevik Leaders • Overthrew the provisional government in November , 1917 • “History will not forgive us if we do not seize power now”-Lenin • Lenin Claimed absolute power

  36. Bolsheviks Established • A Socialist State based on ideas of Karl Marx, and Lenin • 1. land re-distributed amongst peasants • 2. End of private ownership of property • 3. Workers gained control of property • “equality”

  37. Lenin & the Bolsheviks • Re-named their political party the Communist party in 1918 • 1918-1920 civil war ensued in Russia • Communists “Reds” vs. “Whites” (Royalists) • Fought over political control • What about the Romanovs?

  38. The Romanov Family • Was Imprisoned in Ipatiev House • Forced to give up luxuries • Believed they would be rescued • were they???

  39. July 17, 1918 • 2:33 am • Romanov family • Their Doctor & • 3 servants • were shot in a basement • The Assassination ordered by Lenin

  40. "Land of the Tsars" 20 – The End of the Romanovs • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-qxWWRcN-4

  41. Anastasia Romanov -The Myth • Did She Survive? • In 1920 in Berlin Germany • A girl tried to jump off a bridge • was rescued • no I.D., refused to give her identity

  42. “Anna Anderson” • Sent to mental asylum • Claimed to be “Anastasia” • Said she was Rescued by a soldier • And escaped Russia

  43. Anna Anderson = Anastasia? • “She is similar, she is similar” • Relatives were careful to believe her story • Supporters helped her

  44. Anastasia? Or Imposter? • Anna Anderson claimed she was Anastasia until the day she died (1984) • 1977 court ruled not enough evidence to prove identity • Recent DNA testing proved she was not Anastasia

  45. Video: "Anastasia: Her True Story" A&E

  46. In 1991 • Romanov Family’s bodies were exhumed from their graves • 2 bodies missing !! Anastasia or Maria ? And Alexis

  47. 1998 Romanov Family Funeral • 1998 remains were given proper burial

  48. Then in 2007…. • 2 Remains were discovered • By workers digging a ditch in Russia – close to where the original remains were buried

  49. FINDING Anastasia – NAT GEO • PT1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-PJa9kS6TrM • PT2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SiFP83OULM • PT3: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5XFTX8LGWZQ • PT4: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK1uwu43cKg • PT5: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8X-T8-rItwI

  50. 2007 Investigations • Actual remains found in 2007 

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