1 / 107

Russian Monarchs: Autocracy, Reforms, and Revolts

Explore the reigns of Russian czars from Peter the Great to Nicholas II, their efforts at modernization and suppression of reforms, and the challenges leading to the Russian Revolution of 1917.

blopez
Download Presentation

Russian Monarchs: Autocracy, Reforms, and Revolts

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Russian Revolution (1917- 1920) AP EURO – Chapter 25: Imperialism, Alliances, and War (pages 854-858)

  2. Russia by the 1800’s … • 1. Multi-Ethnic & Diverse • 2. Multi- Cultural • 100 different languages spoken by the people throughout the Russian Territory • Various faiths

  3. Political Structure in Pre- Revolutionary Russia • Type of Government: • “AUTOCRACY”-government in which 1 person rules with unlimited authority • Ruler: CZAR- means “emperor” or “monarch” derived from “Caesar”

  4. Russian Absolute Monarchs • 1. Peter the Great – ruled: 1682-1725 • Modernized Russia • Built St. Petersburg • 2. Catherine the Great – ruled : 1762-1796 • Territorial expansion • Suppressed Pugachev’s Rebellion (1773-1775) an uprising of serfs

  5. The Winter Palace – Built by Peter the Great • Official residence of monarchs 1732- 1917

  6. Russian Serfs • Serf – a Russian peasant legally bound to reside and work on “lord’s” land • “Un-free” status • Bound peasants to rural areas and to their land lord

  7. Czar Alexander I ( Ruled 1801-1825) • Napoleon invaded Russia in the winter • Russian Soldiers were exposed and influenced by Western ideas during Napoleonic wars • “Secret Societies” emerged: wanted economic reform, a constitutional government, AND freedom for serfs

  8. Czar Nicholas I (ruled: 1825-1855) • Strengthened the autocracy (his power) by: • 1. Censoring the Press • 2. Establishing a “Secret Police”- allowed to arrest & imprison people without trial • 3. “Autocracy, orthodoxy, and nationality!” -CNI • He was Alexander I’s brother->

  9. Czar Nicholas I (ruled: 1825-1855) • The Decembrist Revolt (1825) – • A group of military officials rebelled and staged a coup • Felt threatened by Czar Nicholas I’s conservative views

  10. Czar Nicholas I "Land of the Tsars" • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXPP1j1yahg • Czar Alexander II • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PFQ7Th_rAs

  11. Czar Alexander II (ruled: 1855-1881) • “The Czar Liberator” • 1. 1861 signed Emancipation Manifesto - granted Freedom to serfs • 2. Limited the authority of secret police • 3. Modernized judicial system

  12. Czar Alexander II • 4. expanded education • 5. re-organized the Russian army • 6. Reduced military service from 25 yrs to 6 yrs • 7. Promoted industrialization

  13. Alexander II’s Problems… • 95% of population were peasants, most serfs. • Free serfs received no land, had no skills. • Found themselves homeless and unemployed • Landowners were furious - they lost land & power

  14. Assassination Attempts against Czar Alexander II • Radical Revolutionaries… • 1. Shot at Alex II (bullets missed him 1879) • 2. Bombed Alex’s train (he survived 1879) • 3. Bombed palace 1880 (he survived) • 4. Threw bombs at his carriage • Alex II survived initial threat… but then • Stepped out of his carriage and died in 1881

  15. Czar Alexander II " Land of the Tsars" • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PFQ7Th_rAs

  16. Czar Alexander III- (Ruled: 1881-1894) Established a rule of fear • 1. “Russification”- persecuted those who anyone who spoke a language other than Russian or followed a religion other than Eastern Orthodoxy • 2. Established “Pogroms”- organized massacres of minority groups

  17. Czar Nicholas II (ruled: 1894-1917) • Inherited Russia’s long history of social and political problems • Not prepared to rule

  18. The Romanov Royal Family • Wife Empress Alexandra • 4 Daughters: Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia • 1 Son : Alexis

  19. Prince Alexis • Suffered from • “Hemophilia” – a Disease which prevents normal clotting of blood • No known treatment • Disease kept secret from public

  20. So the Family Hired a “Healer”… Named RASPUTIN * Self -proclaimed monk & mystic Healer * Empress hired him to “heal” son He was not who he appeared to be!!! Influenced Czar Nicholas II politically

  21. 1905- “Bloody Sunday” • Workers’ Peaceful march to St. Petersburg turned violent • Protested food and fuel shortages • Soldiers opened fire to unarmed crowd • Russian press claimed 100 died, many wounded • Protestors claimed 1,000 died

  22. Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) • Russia and Japan fought over the province of Manchuria • Russian Ships vs. Japanese ships • Japan sanks2/3rds of the Russian fleet • Humiliating defeat for Czar Nicholas II

  23. October Manifesto, 1905 • Czar Nicholas II Promised Reforms • 1. Constitution • 2. Civil Liberties/ Civil Rights and a • 3. Duma or legislature

  24. Czar Nicholas II " Land of the Tsars" • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-x4VcmHfxU

  25. Meanwhile…

  26. … Rasputin • Continued to influence Czar Nicholas II and the+ Czarina • Claimed he “cured” son’s hemophilia • People were skeptical of Rasputin …

  27. Rasputin’s Death 1916… • 1916 nobles planned his assassination • They Poisoned him at dinner… • He survived! • They Shot him… • Still alive! • They Beat him with a candlestick! • He was Not dead yet!

  28. Rasputin’s Death… • Rasputin was thrown into an icy river… • He was still breathing.

  29. The Death of Rasputin "Landof the Tsars" • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1W1b6j8U46k

  30. New Political Philosophies • Socialism – belief that the means of production capital, land, raw materials, factories should be owned and controlled by society, not individuals • Communism – a society without class distinctions or private property (equality )

  31. Karl Marx ‘s Theories : • “History advances through conflict” • The Class that controls production is the ruling class • This causes the gap between social classes • Competition causes society’s problems

  32. The “Bolshevik” Rebels • Believed the Working class should lead revolution and seize control • Led by Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov “Lenin” • Goal : to create a socialist state with no social classes, no private property

  33. 1917 March Revolution • Food riots in St. Petersburg • Czar Nicholas II ordered Duma (legislative body) to dissolve • Czar ordered troops to suppress disorder • Neither obeyed the Czar

  34. March 15, 1917 • Czar Nicholas II abdicated the Throne • Family was Evacuated in August • March 17, 1917 Russia Proclaimed a republic • Provisional government was established

  35. Lenin & the Bolshevik Leaders • Overthrew the provisional government in November , 1917 • “History will not forgive us if we do not seize power now”-Lenin • Lenin Claimed absolute power

  36. Bolsheviks Established • A Socialist State based on ideas of Karl Marx, and Lenin • 1. land re-distributed amongst peasants • 2. End of private ownership of property • 3. Workers gained control of property • “equality”

  37. Lenin & the Bolsheviks • Re-named their political party the Communist party in 1918 • 1918-1920 civil war ensued in Russia • Communists “Reds” vs. “Whites” (Royalists) • Fought over political control • What about the Romanovs?

  38. The Romanov Family • Was Imprisoned in Ipatiev House • Forced to give up luxuries • Believed they would be rescued • were they???

  39. July 17, 1918 • 2:33 am • Romanov family • Their Doctor & • 3 servants • were shot in a basement • The Assassination ordered by Lenin

  40. "Land of the Tsars" 20 – The End of the Romanovs • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-qxWWRcN-4

  41. Anastasia Romanov -The Myth • Did She Survive? • In 1920 in Berlin Germany • A girl tried to jump off a bridge • was rescued • no I.D., refused to give her identity

  42. “Anna Anderson” • Sent to mental asylum • Claimed to be “Anastasia” • Said she was Rescued by a soldier • And escaped Russia

  43. Anna Anderson = Anastasia? • “She is similar, she is similar” • Relatives were careful to believe her story • Supporters helped her

  44. Anastasia? Or Imposter? • Anna Anderson claimed she was Anastasia until the day she died (1984) • 1977 court ruled not enough evidence to prove identity • Recent DNA testing proved she was not Anastasia

  45. Video: "Anastasia: Her True Story" A&E

  46. In 1991 • Romanov Family’s bodies were exhumed from their graves • 2 bodies missing !! Anastasia or Maria ? And Alexis

  47. 1998 Romanov Family Funeral • 1998 remains were given proper burial

  48. Then in 2007…. • 2 Remains were discovered • By workers digging a ditch in Russia – close to where the original remains were buried

  49. FINDING Anastasia – NAT GEO • PT1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-PJa9kS6TrM • PT2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SiFP83OULM • PT3: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5XFTX8LGWZQ • PT4: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK1uwu43cKg • PT5: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8X-T8-rItwI

  50. 2007 Investigations • Actual remains found in 2007 

More Related