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The Oceans Nov. 18

The Oceans Nov. 18. Mundus Subterraneus A. Kirchner, 1665. Topics Thermohaline circulation SST; ocean water masses Wind-driven circulation Wind-driven upwelling Surface currents. Temperature 0m. Stephens et al., NOAA, 2002. Salt content of the oceans.

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The Oceans Nov. 18

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  1. The OceansNov. 18 Mundus Subterraneus A. Kirchner, 1665 Topics Thermohaline circulation SST; ocean water masses Wind-driven circulation Wind-driven upwelling Surface currents

  2. Temperature 0m Stephens et al., NOAA, 2002

  3. Salt content of the oceans • Source: leaching ions from crustal material. Global river dissolved load is ~0.1 ppt. Residence time: 108yr • Salinities for the open ocean fall in the range 33-38ppt (parts per thousand, mass per unit mass) http://omp.gso.uri.edu/doee/science/physical/salt5.gif

  4. Salinity 0m

  5. Water masses {sort of like air masses} http://earth.usc.edu/~stott/Catalina/images/weatherimages.jpg/airmasses.jpg

  6. Arctic sea ice http://www.ccpo.odu.edu/~arnoldo/ocean405/arcticdrift.jpg February September At 70N, Tromsö and Hammarfest ice-free year-round

  7. Deepwater formation processes 1. preconditioning Where it happens 2. Violent mixing 3. Sinking and spreading http://puddle.mit.edu/~helen/oodc.html

  8. Zonal average Temperature and salinity Temperature salinity Levitus, 1984

  9. Transport units:

  10. Spatial distribution of deep and bottom water masses (Lynne Talley, SIO)

  11. Model of the overturning circulation Broecker, 1980s Reproduced in Ocean Circulation

  12. Wind-driven circulation

  13. Surface winds Trenberth et al., JPO, 1990

  14. tropical winds, rain From Ocean Circulation and Climate (OCC)

  15. Ekman transport

  16. Transports associated with winds

  17. Where water piles up:

  18. Mean surface currents

  19. Simulated sea surface temperature

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