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Revolutions

Revolutions. English, American, French, Napoleon. English Revolution. Origins: Issues of succession from Henry VIII/Mary/Elizabeth After Elizabeth dies the son of Mary Queen of Scots takes over the throne as James I (King James Bible)

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Revolutions

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  1. Revolutions English, American, French, Napoleon

  2. English Revolution • Origins: Issues of succession from Henry VIII/Mary/Elizabeth • After Elizabeth dies the son of Mary Queen of Scots takes over the throne as James I (King James Bible) • Charles I takes over after his dad and continues to believe in the idea of Divine Right of Kings. • Charles needs money so tries to take it from his subjects but is presented with the Petition of Right • Said that can’t just tax whenever gave power to parliament

  3. English Rev. Cont. • Charles ticks off his fellow Scotts when he enforces Anglican changes to Presbyterian traditions • Needs to call Parliament to get money to fight Scottish and Irish • Cavaliers (supported King) fought against Roundheads (Puritan) leaders and led to a war over command of the national army. • Oliver Cromwell takes the lead of the Roundheads and creates the New Model Armyto fight the king

  4. English Rev. Cont. • Cromwell beheads the king and abolished monarchy! • Decides he doesn’t like working with Parliament • The English people choose Charles II (son of the guy they beheaded) as the new king in 1660 • No sons meant the adoption of his brother James II as the new king.

  5. English Rev. Cont. • Glorious Revolution: • Parliament was not happy with the Catholic James II so choose his daughter Mary’s husband William of Orange to take over. • William is able to take over without any fighting and James II runs away. • Since Parliament helped William he does whatever they want.

  6. American Rev. • Origins: • French and Indian War caused a large debt the Brits expected us to pay. • Tax as a result of war debt • Stamp Act • Tea Act • 1/3 Patriots, 1/3 Loyalists, 1/3 did not choose • Taxation without representation was seen as tyranny and a break of the Social Contract

  7. American Rev. • July 4th, 1776 delegates signed the Declaration of Independence of the US. • Thomas Jefferson said we deserve the rights of Life, Liberty, and Happiness • Battle of Saratoga shows that Americans stand a chance, gain the French as allies • George Washington became a war hero and elected afterwards as the first president

  8. American Rev. • 1781 the Americans win at Yorktown, VA and the British back off but were they really defeated? • Treaty of Paris recognizes the US. as a separate nation in 1783 • The Constitution of the US. is adopted in 1787 with government formed under a three party system • Legislative: Congress makes laws • Executive: President leads • Judicial: Judges • All branches have a checks and balance • Bill of Rights offers the American people their civil liberties

  9. French Rev. • Three Estates existed in France in the 1700’s • 1st (church) 2nd (nobles) 3rd (poor and regular workers) • King Louis XVI needs money so calls the Estates General • Kicks the 3rd Estate out when he fears they may take over • Tennis Court Oath • Ticked off, the Third Estate members meet together at a tennis court and plan to stay until they have a constitution that offers them rights • Storming of the Bastille and its impact

  10. French Rev. Cont. • Parisians go to Versailles and capture the king and bring him to Paris • 3rd Estate forms the Declaration of the Rights of Man • Declares that all deserve liberty, equality, fraternity • Constitution of 1791 gives power to the 3rd estate and restricts power of the king • Conservatives (content with what they accomplished) vs. Radicals (want more done) • Create the Legislative Assembly granting universal male suffrage

  11. French Rev. Cont. • Committee of Public Safety led by Robespierre created to enforce the new laws. • They execute King Louis XVI and his wife • Usher in a time known as the Reign of Terror from 1793-1794 • People start to worry that the CPS is worse than having a king

  12. Napoleon to the Rescue • Napoleon Bonaparte believed in a Meritocracy and using the military to get his way • Wife Josephine helps out • Civil Code offers rights to the regular people • Works with the Catholic Church to keep people moral individuals • Controls Europe from Spain-Russia by 1812

  13. Napoleon Falters • Life was good in France until defeats in Russia force Napoleon to exile • Napoleon returns but is defeated at Waterloo by the British

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