A GUIDE TO WRITING WITH READINGS

1. Evergreen A GUIDE TO WRITINGWITH READINGS Chapter 12 Cause and Effect

2. Chapter 12 Cause and Effect • Effects are the results of a cause or causes. • Most events worth examining have complex, not simple causes and effects. • Topic Sentence • Words like causes, reasons, and factors are useful to show causes. • Words like effects, results, and consequences are useful to show effects.

3. Chapter 12 Cause and Effect • Paragraph and Plan • Narrate causes in some paragraphs and examine effects in others. • In the paragraphs which examine effects, either they try to predict future effects of something happening now, or they analyze past effects of something that happened earlier. • Before you write about causes or effects, do some mental detective work. • Causes Effect Further effects • In exploring the effects of something, consider both short-term and long-term effects and both negative and positive effects.

4. Chapter 12 Cause and Effect • Avoiding Problems in Cause and Effect Writing • 1. Do not oversimplify. Avoid the trap of naming one cause for a complex problem. Searching for the three most important causes or effects is a good way to avoid oversimplifying. • 2. Do not confuse time order with causation. • 3. Do not confuse causes and effects. Separating causes and effects can be tricky.

5. Chapter 12 Cause and Effect • Transitional Expressions • These transitional expressions are helpful in cause and effect paragraphs, which often imply order of importance or time order. Transitional Expressions To Show Causes To Show Effects the first cause (second, third) one important effect the first reason (second, third) another result yet another factor a third outcome because as a result is caused by consequently results from then, next, therefore, thus, so