1 / 17

Database Security and Countermeasures: Protecting Data in the Digital Age

Explore database security mechanisms and countermeasures to safeguard against threats, including encryption, logs, firewalls, and web security. Understand computer-based and non-computer-based controls for a robust security agenda.

bmiles
Download Presentation

Database Security and Countermeasures: Protecting Data in the Digital Age

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 19 Security

  2. Agenda • Database Security • Countermeasure • Computer-based • Non-computer-based • Challenge over the Internet • Firewall • Web security

  3. Database Security • Definition • Mechanisms to protect the database against intentional or accidental threats • Threats • Hardware • Software • Communication network • Database • Individual (user, programmer, operator, administrator, and outsider) • Consequence • Loss of confidentiality • Loss of privacy • Loss of integrity • Loss of availability

  4. Countermeasures • Computer-based controls • Non-computer-based controls

  5. Computer-based Controls - 1 • Authorization & authentication • Password and account number • Discretionary access control (grant and revoke) • Mandatory access control (object, security class, and clearance) • Virtual views

  6. Computer-based Controls - 2 • Logs or journaling • Transaction log • Violation log • Check points • Integrity • Domain • Enterprise • Entity • Referential • Backup (redundant array of independent disks - RAID) & recovery • Audit

  7. Computer-based Controls - 3 • Encryption or cryptosystem • Encryption key • Encryption algorithm • Decryption key • Decryption algorithm • Symmetric encryption (Data Encryption Standard (DES) • Asymmetric encryption (RSA)

  8. Example of Encryption - I • Divide text into groups of 8 characters. Pad with blank at end as necessary • Select an 8-characters key • Rearrange text by interchanging adjacent characters • Translate each character into an ordinal number with blank as 0, A as 1, B as 2… • Add the ordinal number of the key to the results • Divide the total by 27 and retain the remainder • Translate the remainder back into a character to yield the cipher text

  9. Example of Encryption - II • Message: DATA COM • Key: PROTOCOL • A D A T C M O • 01 04 01 20 03 00 13 15 (adatc mo) • 01 04 01 20 03 00 13 15 • 16 18 15 20 15 03 15 12 (protocol) • 17 22 16 40 18 03 28 27 (sum) • 17 22 16 13 18 03 01 00 remainder • Q V P M R C A SPACE

  10. Example of Decryption - I • Divide cipher text into groups of eight characters. Pad with blanks at end as necessary • Translate each cipher text alphabetic character and the encryption key into an ordinal number • For each group, subtract the ordinal number of the key value from the ordinal number of the cipher text • Add 27 to any negative number • Translate the number back to alphabetic equivalents • Rearrange the text by interchanging adjacent characters

  11. Example of Decryption - II • Q V P M R C A SPACE • 17 22 16 13 18 03 01 00 (qvpmrca ) • 17 22 16 13 18 03 01 00 • 16 18 15 20 15 03 15 12 (protocol) • 01 04 01 -7 03 00 -14 -12 (substract) • plus 27 27 27 27 • 01 04 01 20 03 00 13 15 • A D A T C M O • D A T A C O M

  12. Non-Computer-based Controls • Security policy • Contingency plan • Person, phone no., procedures • Site (cold, warm, or hot) • Personnel control • Reference • Termination • Training • Balance of duty • Escrow & maintenance agreements • Physical

  13. Challenge over the Internet • Privacy • Integrity • Authenticity • Non-fabrication • Non-repudiation

  14. Firewall • Definition • A system to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network • Types • Packet filter (difficult to configure and subject to IP spoofing) • Application gateway (degrade performance) • Circuit level gateway (TCP or User Datagram Protocol UDP) • Proxy server (performance & filtering)

  15. Web Security • Digital signatures & Certificate Authority (CA) • Message digest algorithms and digital signature • Kerberos: centralized security server (certificate server • Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) for data & Secure HTTP (S-HTTP) for individual message • Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) for credit card & Secure Transaction Technology (STT) for bank payment

  16. Points to Remember • Database Security • Countermeasure • Computer-based • Non-computer-based • Challenge over the Internet • Firewall • Web security

  17. Assignment • Review chapters 5-6, 11-19 • Read chapter 20 • Exam 3 • Date: • Project • Normalization and Corrected EER diagram due date: • SQL, corrected normalization, and EER diagram due date:

More Related