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Chapter 1 & 2 Some additional notes…

Chapter 1 & 2 Some additional notes…. (Reproduced from http://www.unix.org/). Chapter 1 & 2 Some additional notes…. At AT&T / Bells Labs Thomson & Ritchie created the OS for their own personal use (~1970) they needed an OS for their game

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Chapter 1 & 2 Some additional notes…

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  1. Chapter 1 & 2 Some additional notes… (Reproduced from http://www.unix.org/)

  2. Chapter 1 & 2 Some additional notes… • At AT&T / Bells Labs • Thomson & Ritchie created the OS for their own personal use (~1970) • they needed an OS for their game “It was the summer of '69. In fact, my wife went on vacation to my family's place in California.... I allocated a week each to the operating system, the shell, the editor, and the assembler, to reproduce itself, and during the month she was gone, it was totally rewritten in a form that looked like an operating system, with tools that were sort of known, you know, assembler, editor, and shell .... Yeh, essentially one person for a month”. Ken Thompson • academic and research operating system • Initially, pros: flexibility, extensibility, file sharing • Initially, cons: security, robustness, performance • Initially programmed in “B” (predecessor to “C” language)

  3. The original version evolved, was re-written in “C” for portability, etc. Question: Why is UNIX so popular in universities? • Berkeley Standard Distribution (BSD) • Derived from AT&T version • freeware! (cheap for universities; only paid for distribution cost) • BSD was first UNIX to include standard network support • enhancements to interprocess communication (IPC), job control, security • Divergence in the community: • Many flavours of UNIX in use today: FreeBSD, NetBSD, XENIX, Solaris, SunOS, HP-UX, Linux, A/UX, AIX, Mac OS X • Try a google search on “unix operating system version”

  4. Unix Continues to evolve… Convergence in the community: Single UNIX Specification (derived from POSIX standard) What is POSIX? From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX • Portable Operating System Interface, with the X reflects the Unix heritage of the API. • “POSIX is the collective name of a family of related standards specified by the IEEE to define the application programming interface (API) for software compatible with variants of the Unix operating system” • IEEE standard: IEEE 1003; ISO/IEC standard: ISO/IEC 9945 • The standards emerged from a project, begun circa 1985 • Note. You can obtain any IEEE standard from our on-line database via the UTD library link Where is the single unix specification? • The Open group maintains this standard http://www.unix.org/ • Currently, the standard is at version 3

  5. What are we using? • SunOS 5.10 • See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solaris_Operating_Environment for a brief history of this version (goes right back to an AT&T version) Question: • When you log on to the system, how can you tell which version is installed? • Command “version” will provide this information • Also try the commands “uname” and “uname -r”

  6. Some commands to start with… • Work through the “hands on session” in the book: • Chapter 1, pages 7-12 • Commands • date • who • ps • echo • cat, cp, ls, mv, rm • mkdir • pwd • sh • Slides 11-18 from the book

  7. Some additional commands to start with… • which, whereis, type • man • more, less • printf • script • passwd • uname • who,whoami • grep • wc

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