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Research to Operations Activities using Products from Polar Orbiting Satellites

Research to Operations Activities using Products from Polar Orbiting Satellites. William Straka III 1 , Scott Bachmeier 1 , Jordan Gerth 1 , Kathy Strabala 1 , Scott Lindstrom 1 , Russ Dengel 1 , Michael Pavolonis 2 , Andrew Heidinger 2 , Justin Seglaff 1 1 UW/CIMSS, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

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Research to Operations Activities using Products from Polar Orbiting Satellites

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  1. Research to Operations Activities using Products from Polar Orbiting Satellites William Straka III1, Scott Bachmeier1, Jordan Gerth1, Kathy Strabala1, Scott Lindstrom1, Russ Dengel1, Michael Pavolonis2, Andrew Heidinger2, Justin Seglaff1 1UW/CIMSS, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 2NOAA/NESDIS/ASPB 91st AMS General Conference, 1st Research to Operations Conference January 23-27, Seattle, WA 1

  2. We would like to acknowledge the efforts of the GOES-R AWG teams who created these algorithms. In addition, we would like to acknowledge NASA for the MODIS data and algorithms used in the IMAPP processing. The authors wish to also acknowledge Brian Hughes (NOAA) and Bonnie Morgan (SSAI) of NOAA Satellite Products and Services Division (formally Environmental Satellite Processing Center) for their invaluable help in gathering information on the AWIPS domains Finally the authors wish to thank the various National Weather Service Weather Forecast Offices for their invaluable feedback Acknowledgements 91st AMS General Conference, 1st Research to Operations Conference January 23-27, Seattle, WA 2

  3. Overview Why use polar satellite data? Summary of processing systems Training the forecasters to use the polar products Examples of polar data being used in operations Summary 91st AMS General Conference, 1st Research to Operations Conference January 23-27, Seattle, WA

  4. Why use polar satellite data inoperations? Covers polar regions Key to forecasts in regions of high viewing zenith angles from GEO satellites Needed for high latitude aircraft travel Higher spatial resolution Example: River valley fog events, volcanic ash detection Provides data and products not necessarily available from GOES instruments. Polar compositing images (eg. AMRC) 91st AMS General Conference, 1st Research to Operations Conference January 23-27, Seattle, WA

  5. Graphical representation ofprocess from start to finish Level 1b to Products IMAPP CLAVR-x GEOCAT Conversion from Level 0 to Level 1 Conversion to AWIPS/N-AWIPS file using McIDAS-x CIMSS LDM Server NWS Regional HQ VAAC, AAWU, AWC CONUS NWS WFO 91st AMS General Conference, 1st Research to Operations Conference January 23-27, Seattle, WA 5

  6. UW Direct Broadcast MODIS Data used by the National Weather Service MODIS products have been mentioned in Area Forecast Discussions 192 times

  7. Training forecasters 91st AMS General Conference, 1st Research to Operations Conference January 23-27, Seattle, WA

  8. Training forecasters 91st AMS General Conference, 1st Research to Operations Conference January 23-27, Seattle, WA

  9. Training forecasters 91st AMS General Conference, 1st Research to Operations Conference January 23-27, Seattle, WA

  10. Examples of uses of polar productsArea Forecast Discussions MAIN SHORT TERM FORECAST PROBLEM IS EAST FLOW AND MARINE LAYER INFLUENCE OVER EASTERN WISCONSIN...AND DENSE FOG POTENTIAL IN THE WEST. THINK MOST OF THE DENSE FOG WOULD BE IN THE RIVER VALLEYS...WITH A TENDENCY FOR PATCHY FOG AND SOME STRATUS AGAIN IN THE EAST WITH MORE OF A GRADIENT. MODIS 1 KM IMAGERY LAST NIGHT SHOWED THE DENSE FOG IN LONE ROCK AND BOSCOBEL WAS CONFINED TO THE IMMEDIATE WISCONSIN RIVER VALLEY...IMPORTANT INFORMATION. THE LOCAL RIVER VALLEY DENSE FOG IS NOT SEEN IN THE NORMAL 2 KM GOES. (HENTZ/MKX)

  11. Support for Fire Wx Forecasts AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ALBUQUERQUE NM 300 AM MST WED DEC 1 2010 .FIRE WEATHER...ONLY MINOR CHANGES TO OVERALL FORECAST THROUGH THE WEEKEND. A 1016MB LEE TROUGH OVER THE PLAINS HAS ALLOWED WESTERLY DOWNSLOPE WINDS TO DOMINATE THE AREA...THUS TEMPS ARE MUCH WARMER AND WINDS SLIGHTLY BREEZIER. AN ISOLATED AREA OF MARGINAL CRITICAL FIRE WX CONDITIONS WILL DEVELOP BTWN CLINES CORNERS...VAUGHN...SANTA ROSA...AND LAS VEGAS BY LATE THIS MORNING HOWEVER NO FIRE WX HIGHLIGHTS WILL BE ISSUED. MELTING SNOWPACK EVIDENT ON THE 2013Z MODIS 1KM VISIBLE IMAGERY TUESDAY IN NEARLY THE EXACT SAME AREA WILL MITIGATE SURFACE FUEL DRYNESS. MIN RH VALUES WILL RANGE FROM 20-25 PCT ALONG THE COLORADO BORDER TO 10-15 PCT ACROSS THE SOUTH. VENT RATES TODAY WILL BE POOR MOST AREAS EXCEPT ALONG THE EAST SLOPES WHERE FAIR VALUES ARE EXPECTED.

  12. Usage of MODIS NDVI Hail damage from July 2008

  13. NWS using MODIS images to showspring ‘green-up’ 91st AMS General Conference, 1st Research to Operations Conference January 23-27, Seattle, WA 13

  14. NASA Feature Article30 April 2010 Gulf Oil Spill Data Acquired and Processed at the University of Wisconsin- Madison from MODIS Direct Broadcast. (NASA Feature Article, 30 April 2010) http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/oil-creep.html

  15. Oil Spill Monitoring efforts 91st AMS General Conference, 1st Research to Operations Conference January 23-27, Seattle, WA 15

  16. MODIS and AVHRR in AWIPS http://www.crh.noaa.gov/news/display_cmsstory.php?wfo=mkx&storyid=57591&source=0 “Lake Michigan sea surface temperatures have remained fairly steady the past two weeks due to the persistent seasonal temperatures and a lack of a significant push of cold air across the lake. Below is the AVHRR image taken on September 28th showing sea surface temperatures holding in the 50s over the nearshore waters of Lake Michigan, with middle 60s in the open waters of the southern end of the lake…. “

  17. Examples of uses of polar productsArea Forecast Discussions 000 FXUS63 KMKX 160754 AFDMKX AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MILWAUKEE/SULLIVAN WI 254 AM CDT SAT OCT 16 2010 .... .MARINE...TIGHTENING PRESSURE GRADIENT AHEAD OF APPROACHING WEAK FRONT AND LOW LEVEL WARM AIR ADVECTION WILL RESULT IN INCREASING WINDS LTR THIS MRNG...VEERING FROM MOSTLY THE SOUTH TO THE SW. WINDSPEEDS WILL REMAIN BLO SMALL CRAFT LEVELS TODAY. AFTER FROPA THIS EVE...LOW LEVEL COLD AIR ADVECTION AND STEEP LAPSE RATES NEAR WARM LAKE SURFACE MAY ALLOW FEW GUSTS TO EXCEED 20KTS...ESPECIALLY AWAY FROM SHORE. LAKE SURFACE TEMPS REMAIN AROUND 14-15C PER LATEST AVHRR/MODIS IMAGERY. FOR NOW...WL HOLD OFF ON SMALL CRAFT FOR TNGT AND LET LATER SHIFTS REEVALUATE. PRES GRADIENT LOOSENS SUN MRNG AS LOW LEVEL ADVECTION BECOMES NEUTRAL. 91st AMS General Conference, 1st Research to Operations Conference January 23-27, Seattle, WA 17

  18. Alaska support in AWIPS Example of other products: http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/090811_avhrr_ir_type_anim.gif 91st AMS General Conference, 1st Research to Operations Conference January 23-27, Seattle, WA

  19. Products available off LDM fromPolar Satellites AVHRR (CLAVR-x) • Imagery • Cloud type2 • Cloud top temperature/pressure/height1,2 • Masked SST2 • Scene type (ice/cloud/snow/land/water) + • Volcanic Ash Mass loading, height, effective radius+ MODIS (IMAPP and AWG) • LST and SST3 • Imagery3 • NDVI3 • Cloud Phase3 • TPW and Stability Indices3 • Cloud Top Temperature3 • Volcanic Ash Mass loading, height, effective radius*,1 • SO2 Mask, loading*,1 • Fog Mask, Probability, Depth*,1,2 • Cloud Type*,1,2 *Currently being evaluated by WFOs, + future products, 1GOES-R AWG Algorithms 2 GOES-R AWG Cloud mask(ACM) used as input, 3IMAPP 91st AMS General Conference, 1st Research to Operations Conference January 23-27, Seattle, WA 19

  20. Future productsAutomated Volcanic Ash Warning

  21. A look to the future • NPP/JPSS • Follow on to the current POES series of satellites • NPP launch anticipated for late 2011 • Improved imager from VIIRS • 400m for AVHRR channels, 800m other channels • 1.6mm channel not optional like AVHRR, which can be used for snow detection as well as other products. • Morning orbit to be provided by MetOp using AVHRR • MetOp-B will provide HRPT capabilities over the US not available in Metop-A • Improved algorithms to continue to provide more accurate products • Continued collaboration with NWS • Collaboration with Alaska WFO and Regional offices in polar region specific activities. • Collaboration with CONUS WFO’s in GOES-R PG activities • Continued training with WFO’s on current products

  22. Summary • Polar satellites provide data, both spatially and geographically, and products not necessarily available from GOES instruments • Polar sensors can be used as training for future geostationary satellite products • Training of the forecasters is key in their ability to use these products. • Currently SSEC/CIMSS is providing forecasters products developed from research so they can be used in an operational environment

  23. Questions? 91st AMS General Conference, 1st Research to Operations Conference January 23-27, Seattle, WA

  24. Backup slides 91st AMS General Conference, 1st Research to Operations Conference January 23-27, Seattle, WA

  25. Recent AFD using MODIS AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE STATE COLLEGE PA 522 AM EDT THU AUG 19 2010. SYNOPSIS...A WEAK FRONT COLD FRONT WILL PUSH THROUGH PENNSYLVANIA LATE TONIGHT AND FRIDAY. HIGH PRESSURE WILL BUILD OVER THE STATE LATE FRIDAY AND SATURDAY. COLD FRONTS ARE LIKELY TO AFFECT THE AREA LATE SUNDAY AND AGAIN AROUND NEXT WEDNESDAY. NEAR TERM /UNTIL 6 PM THIS EVENING/...EARLY MORNING MODIS 11-3.78UM IMAGERY SHOWING PATCHY VALLEY FOG ACROSS CENTRAL PA...WHILE FOG A BIT MORE WIDESPREAD ACROSS THE S TIER...WHERE RAIN FELL YESTERDAY. LATEST 3KM HRRR AND LAMPGUIDANCE BOTH SUGGEST FOG WILL BURN OFF IN MOST LOCATIONS BY13-14Z.

  26. MODIS water vapor (credit: NWS forecast office, Reno NV)

  27. NASA funded International MODIS/AIRS Processing Package (IMAPP) • Purpose: To allow DB users capability of producing local Aqua and Terra products from direct broadcast data • Software packages derived from the operational EOS processing • Modified to be compatible with direct broadcast data. • http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/imapp Global IMAPP users

  28. IMAPP Support of US National Weather Service Forecasters – Proving Ground • University of Wisconsin began providing Direct Broadcast MODIS products NWS in June 2006 • 1km Reflectances and Brightness Temperatures • Bands 1 (.68 μm), Band 26 (1.38 μm), Band 7 (2.1 μm) • Band 20 (3.7 μm), Band 27 (6.7 μm), Band 31 (11 μm) • Products • 1 km • Sea Surface Temperature, NDVI (DB version), Land Surface Temperature, Fog Product • 5 km • Cloud Top Pressure, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Phase, Stability Indices • True Color 250 m Imagery

  29. What is CLAVR-x? • Clouds from AVHRR Extended (CLAVR-x) is NOAA's operational cloud processing system for the AVHRR on the NOAA - POES and EUMETSAT-METOP series of polar orbiting satellites. • Takes the AVHRR Level 1b files (converted from the raw either by NOAA or using AAPP) and produces cloud and SST products at pixel level. • CLAVR-x cloud algorithms are analogs of those developed for the GOES-R AWG Cloud Application Team. 91st AMS General Conference, 1st Research to Operations Conference January 23-27, Seattle, WA 29

  30. What is GEOCAT? • The GEOstationary Cloud Algorithm Test-bed (GEOCAT) was originally developed by the GOES-R Cloud Algorithm Working Group (AWG) for testing the GOES-R Cloud AWG algorithms. • GEOCAT has since developed into the primary offline testing framework for the GOES-R algorithms at CIMSS. • GEOCAT has support for multiple geostationary satellites, as well as MODIS • Currently GEOCAT is running in near-realtime with several GOES-R algorithms on numerous platforms. 91st AMS General Conference, 1st Research to Operations Conference January 23-27, Seattle, WA 30

  31. MODIS in AWIPS http://www.crh.noaa.gov/news/display_cmsstory.php?wfo=mkx&storyid=29173&source=0 Lake Michigan Waters Warming Rapidly -- Light winds, abundant sunshine and unseasonable warm temperatures over the past week across Wisconsin and the western Great Lakes have resulted in Lake Michigan water temperatures warming 10 to 20 degrees. 21

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