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Globelics Academy 2008 Franco Malerba CESPRI Bocconi University Sectoral systems of innovation

Globelics Academy 2008 Franco Malerba CESPRI Bocconi University Sectoral systems of innovation. Research on innovation in sectors is an old but always rich tradition Innovation is relevant in all sectors The specificities of technologies and sectors are extremely important

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Globelics Academy 2008 Franco Malerba CESPRI Bocconi University Sectoral systems of innovation

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  1. Globelics Academy 2008 Franco Malerba CESPRI Bocconi University Sectoral systems of innovation Globelics Academy 2008

  2. Research on innovation in sectors is an old but always rich tradition Innovation is relevant in all sectors The specificities of technologies and sectors are extremely important Different sectoral patterns Also traditional sectors are innovative Globelics Academy 2008

  3. How to analyze innovation in a sector? • DIFFERENT TRADITIONS • 1. Structure-conduct-performance • Transaction costs • Game theory • 2. Case studies • 3. Taxonomies • Schumpeter mark I and II • Pavitt Globelics Academy 2008

  4. Sectoral systems of innovation The SPRU tradition Evolutionary theory Innovation systems approach A sectoral system pespective focusses on firms, capabilities and learning processes as major drivers of innovation But also pays a lot of attention to: -the knowledge base of sectors -other actors relevant for innovation -links and networks -Institutions -processes of competition, cooperation and co-evolution Globelics Academy 2008

  5. SECTORAL SYSTEMS OF INNOVATION (1) Three building blocks: 1. KNOWLEDGE AND TECHNOLOGICAL DOMAIN BOUNDARIES, LINKS AND COMPLEMENTARITIES 2. ACTORS AND NETWORKS ORGANISATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS MARKET AND NON MARKET RELATIONSHIPS DEMAND 3. INSTITUTIONS NORMS, ROUTINES, COMMON HABITS, RULES … Globelics Academy 2008

  6. THE KNOWLEDGE BASE OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES CONTINUOUSLY CHANGES. THIS CHANGE AFFECTS THE BOUNDARIES OF SECTORAL SYSTEMS Knowledge is key for an explanation of the rate and direction of technological change, the organisation of innovative activities and the factors at the base of successful performances CHANGES IN THE KNOWLEDGE BASE CHANGE THE TYPES OF RELEVANT ACTORS AND THE STRUCTURE OF NETWORKS IN SECTORAL SYSTEMS A rich and multisource knowledge base and a rapid technological change implies a great heterogeneity of actors in most sectors Globelics Academy 2008

  7. IN ADDITION • national institutions have different effects on sectoral systems • b. sectoral systems are in continuous transformation. • new sectoral systems may emerge • c. coevolutionary processes involving knowledge, technology, actors and institutions drive sectoral growth and change • d. the dimensions of sectoral systems are not necessarily national. • they may be local, national as well as global. Globelics Academy 2008

  8. A sectoral system approach for the study of innovation in sectors: • -Is not a straight jacket, but broad, flexible and adaptable: it points to some key variables and some fundamental relationships • It has a link with theory • It enables quantitative analyses • It allows for different levels of aggregation, depending on the purpose of the analysis • It allows for comparative analysis across industries and across countries • It provides a framework for policy Globelics Academy 2008

  9. F. Malerba Sectoral systems of innovation Cambridge University Press 2004 F. Malerba Sectoral systems of innovation and production Research Policy 2002 F. Malerba How innovation differs across sectors: sectoral systems of innovation Handbook of Innovation Fagerberg, Mowery, Nelson (ed) Oxford University Press 2005 Sectors BIOTECNOLOGY AND PHARMACEUTICALS TELECOM EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES CHEMICALS SOFTWARE MACHINE TOOLS SERVICES: RETAILING, MEDICAL, AIRPORT Globelics Academy 2008

  10. AN INITIAL TYPOLOGY OF SECTORAL SYSTEMS IN EUROPE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PHARMACEUTICALS: major role of science, networks and division of innovative labour. Various actors (large firms, NBF, universities, venture capital) and institutions (regulation, demand and national health systems, IPR). TELECOM EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES: convergence of different technologies, knowledge integration and combination, production specialisation. Privatisation and liberalisation. Standards. Globelics Academy 2008

  11. CHEMICALS. Continuity of large multinational firms through R-D, scale and scope, and vertical division of labour. Presence of internal as well as external R-D SOFTWARE. Highly differentiated knowledge base and variety of applications, and firms’ innovative specialisation. Advanced human capital mobility. Role of IPR and standards. MACHINE TOOLS. Application specific knowledge base, firms’ specialisation and user-producer interaction, local innovation systems Globelics Academy 2008

  12. THIS AFTERNOON • CATCHING UP AND SECTORAL SYSTEMS Globelics Academy 2008

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