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Exploring the Golgi Complex: Structure, Function, and Significance

Dive into the intricate world of the Golgi complex, a crucial organelle involved in cell secretion and processing. Discover its structure, origins, and diverse functions, from acrosome formation to lipid packaging and secretion. Unravel the mysteries of this dynamic cellular component.

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Exploring the Golgi Complex: Structure, Function, and Significance

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  1. GOLGI COMPLEX MRS. ASHa r. bidkar Dept.-- zoology y. c. college tuljapur.

  2. Introduction • Golgi complex is as stack of membranous flattened sacs and vesicles concerned with cell secretion. • It was first described by Camillo Golgi (1898) in the nerve cells of barn owl. • Golgi complex has been variously named as Golgi body, dictyosomes, lipocondrian, internal reticular apparatus, canalicular system. • The golgi is located in cytoplasm. • Most of the animal cells contains only one golgicomplex. But developing oocyte of the chordates contains many golgi bodies, nerve cells and liver cells contains many golgi. • Size of Golgi complex is variable. It is larger and well developed inactive cells like gland cells and poorely developed in muscle cells.

  3. Structure of Golgi complex

  4. Golgi complex is a disc-shaped structure formed by a stack of cisternae and peripheral vesicles. • Cisternae ( lamellae) – The cisternae are elongated flattened sacs of Golgi complex filled with fluids and piled one upon the other to form a stack.They are arranged in parallel bundle one above other. In most cells no of cisternae varies from 3 to 7 in a stack. • Each Cisternae is made up of a pair of membranes continuous at the ends.The two membrane enclose a cavity. • The adjacent cisternae are cemented together by cementing substance called intercisternal material. • The cisternae are slightly curved ,hence cisternae have concave and convex surfaces. • Golgi complex has two sides, namely forming and maturing face.The convex surface is forming face towards the nucleus or endoplasmic reticulum here new lamellae are added from ER. • The concave surface is the maturing face towards the plasma membrane.Here large secretary vesicles are budded off. • Thus the cisternae are continually receiving the lamellae on the forming face and loosing membrane on maturing face through the formation of secretory vesicles. • Vesicles– These are small drop like structures and closely associated with the periphery of cisternae.They developed either budding or by constriction of the ends of the cisternae.

  5. Chemical composition – Golgi contains 60% proteins and 40% lipids. • The golgimmembrane is lipoprotein in nature. • Enzymes such as ADPase, ATPase, CTPase, thyaminepyrophosphatase, acid phosphatase, UDP, N-acetylglucosamine-transferase, etcare present. • Origin of Golgi – According to Palade (1955), the golgi apparatus originates from endoplasmic reticulum. Another hypothesis suggested by McAlear provides an explanation for the origin of golgi bodies from nuclear membrame.

  6. Functions of golgi bodies (1) Formation of acrosome – Durring spermatogenesis ,a vacuole appears in the golgi apparatus. In side the vacuole a dence granule called proacrosomalgranule develop- es.Thevacuole and proacrosomal granule gradullyenlarge.The entire apparatus move towardes the nucleus and get attached to the tip of the nucleus. The granule is now called acrosomal granule and the entire structure is called acrosome. (2) Plasma membrane formation. (3)Biogenesis of lysosomes. (4) Membrane Trafficking. (5) Secretion. (7) Mucous secretion. (8) Concentration and Storage of Secretary products.

  7. (8) Concentration and Storage of Secretary products (9) Glycosylation. (10) Lipid packaging and Secretion. (11) Molecular processing of hormones.

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