JDS International seminar 2018

1. JDS International seminar2018 Assessment of PM10 concentration and its sources in non heating season over Ulaanbaatararea Student name: Jambaldorj Bayarmagnai Academic supervisor: Prof. HelmutYabar January 21,2019 Tsukuba,Japan

2. Contents • Introduction • Study goal andobjectives • Studyarea • Air pollutionsources • Methodology • Air quality monitoringresults • Air pollution source affect on PM10concentration • Futurework

3. Background information: Air quality monitoring inMongolia • 40 stations in air quality monitoring network • In Ulaanbaatar 15stations • Measuring up to 6 primarypollutants SO2, NOX, CO, O3, PM10,PM2.5 5

4. Background information: Air quality in Ulaanbaatar city/AQI/ AQI of daily average PM10 by month,% 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% "500+" "400-500" "250-400" "100-250" "50-100" "0-50" AQI of daily average PM2.5 by month, % 100% InnonheatingseasonPM2.5 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% concentration are much lower than heating season concentration and becoming lower than international and local standard levels butPM10 "500+" "400-500" "250-400" "100-250" "50-100" "0-50" measuredconcentrationarestill higher thanstandard. 5

5. Health effect of particulate matterpollution Accordingto office report. mortalityis WHO regional PM cause daily estimatedto increaseby0.2–0.6%per10 µg/m3 ofPM10. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 is associated with an increase in the long term risk of cardiopulmonary mortality by 6–13% per 10 µg/m3 ofPM2.5 Source: American LungAssociation 5

6. Study goal andobjectives • Maingoal • Make complete assessment about PM10 concentration and its sources in non heating season over Ulaanbaatar city and evaluate reduction efficiency of road and green infrastructureimprovements • Objectives • Make analysis about dynamics of PM10 concentration in non heating season • Make land use map of Ulaanbaatar city central area and calculate green areadimension • Calculate total emission major air pollution sources in non heatingseason • Evaluate efficiency of PM10 reduction by improving green mass (trees) in Ulaanbaatarcity. 5

7. Studyarea Total area of central 6 district: 3523km2 In central 6 district:1,311,251 Ulaanbaatarcity 5

8. Major air pollution source in Ulaanbaatarcity Total emission ofPM10 by each source(ton) Minor roads,47 Major roads, 300 PP ash fonds,712 Road dust, 3123 coal fired small boilers,192 Stoves, 3350 Heating power plants, 21328 HOB,1041 8 Source: Annual report of ambient air quality in 2016. Data of air pollution source inventory of2016.

9. Methodology • Mathematical and statistical analysis – to analyze PM10 hourly and daily concentration changes and correlation between weather elements.Statistical and dispersion models results can used to detect PM10 sources in eachlocation • Remote sensing and geographical information system tools detect land surface condition and source location and suitability analysis to detect locations suitable for build new green infrastructures and roadinfrastructures • Modeling software for calculating air quality improvements after taking countermeasure. For example i-Tree tools to calculate pollution reduction by several scenarios to increase green infrastructure in Ulaanbaatar city , Mongolia.

10. Air quality monitoring data analyzeresults Non heating season (May 1-Sep 30) average concentration of PM10 had exceeded from standard level in 4 stations and 29% of all measured 24 hour averages in non heating season was higher than standard(100µg/m3) 24 hour PM10concentrations in non heatingseason >100µg/m3 29% PM10 24 hourconcentration during non heating season in Ulaanbaatararea 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 <100µg/m3 71% µg/m3

11. Air pollution source affect on PM10concentration • Simulation result of annual mean PM10 concentration shows affect of each air pollution sources by latitude. ug/m3 250 200 150 100 50 0 h an 20 o 0 th 0 l ut ino 0 da r o ais 1 Kr 1 uu o S Z is at N ge jin B nT n 7 e e T D PP HOB CFWH Stove MajorRoad MinorRoad RoadDust(MajorRoad) RoadDust(MinorRoadPaved) RoadDust(MinorRoadUnpaved) FugitiveAsh Sulfate Nitrate 100ug/m3 50 0 North Zaisan Denjin1000 South 7Buudal TengisKino Teatro 120 PP RoadDust(MajorRoad) FugitiveAsh MajorRoad RoadDust(MinorRoadPaved) Sulfate MinorRoad RoadDust(MinorRoadUnpaved) Nitrate

12. Futurework • Continue to make statistical analysis on monitoring data of PM10 • Process land use map of Ulaanbaatar city and detect green area dimension in summerseason • Make suitability analysis to find suitable locations for urban green infrastructure • Collect data for modeling analyze for calculate effect of urban green infrastructure on air quality . Calculate PM10 reduction percentage using severalscenarios

13. References • Annual report on ambient air quality of Mongolia, year 2015, year 2016. National Agency for Meteorology and EnvironmentalMonitoring • Annual report on emission inventory 2016. Air Pollution Reduction Agency of CapitalCity • Final report of “Capacity Development Project for Air pollution control in Ulaanbaatar City Phase 2” Japan International Cooperation Agency(JICA) • Yearbook of statistics, National Statistical Office ofMongolia. • Mongolian statistical information servicehttp://ww.1212.mn • American Lung Association websitehttps://www.lung.org/ • i-Tree Tools for assessing managing forests and community trees https://www.itreetools.org/

14. THANKYOU!