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Defense and Foreign Policy

Defense and Foreign Policy. The U.S. vs. the Soviet Union. Conventional conflicts include: the Korean Conflict Vietnam Afghanistan Nuclear Arms Race Cuban Missile Crisis. Are we safer since 1991?. Other "hot spots" include: Iraq/Iran North Korea

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Defense and Foreign Policy

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  1. Defense and Foreign Policy

  2. The U.S. vs. the Soviet Union • Conventional conflicts include: • the Korean Conflict • Vietnam • Afghanistan • Nuclear Arms Race • Cuban Missile Crisis

  3. Are we safer since 1991? • Other "hot spots" include: • Iraq/Iran • North Korea • Balkans (e.g., Bosnia, Serbia, “ethnic cleansing”) • Our Challenge

  4. Historical Overview of Foreign Policy • Isolationism • Monroe Doctrine – 1823 • Manifest Destiny • Louisiana Purchase • Acquiring Alaska from Russia • Portions of the Southwestern U.S. from Mexico

  5. Historical Overview of Foreign Policy • 1914-1940: America emerges as a world leader • 1945: United Nations created • 1949: North Atlantic Treaty Organization • NATO vs the Warsaw Pact • Beginning of the Cold War

  6. Historical Overview of Foreign Policy • Truman Doctrine • U.S. national security requires the U.S. to protect free countries • Policy of Containment (Domino Theory) • Provide aid to countries vulnerable to communism • Korea and Vietnam as examples

  7. Historical Overview of Foreign Policy • 1962: Cuban Missile Crisis • 1970’s – Détente with the Soviet Union & China • 1979 – Soviets invade Afghanistan • 1979 – Iranian fundamentalists take over the U.S. embassy in Tehran • 1980’s Ronald Reagan’s Foreign Policy • “Peace Through Strength” • Assisting “freedom fighters” in El Salvador, Nicaragua, Afghanistan

  8. Historical Overview of Foreign Policy • 1989: Soviets lose influence in Eastern Europe • Fall of the Berlin Wall, Reunification of East and West Germany • 1989: Democratization movement in China • 1991: Fall of the Soviet Union • 1991: War with Iraq • 1990’s: Rise of Islamic Fundamentalism

  9. The Making of Foreign and Defense Policy • President's role • State Department • Defense Department • CIA, NSA, NSC • Role of Congress • Ratify Treaties • Appointment and Budgetary Powers • Power to Declare War • Congressional Oversight 

  10. The Making of Foreign and Defense Policy • Diplomatic Tools • Formal Recognition  • Break off diplomatic relations • Foreign aid - including humanitarian aid • Treaties/Executive Agreements • Covert Actions • Trade (e.g., Most Favored Nation Status)

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