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Iron Fertilization, Air Capture, and Geoengineering Woods Hole, MA 26 September 2007

Iron Fertilization, Air Capture, and Geoengineering Woods Hole, MA 26 September 2007. David Keith (keith@ucalgary.ca; www.ucalgary.ca/~keith) Director, Energy and Environmental Systems Group Institute for Sustainable Energy, Environment and Economy University of Calgary. New York Times

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Iron Fertilization, Air Capture, and Geoengineering Woods Hole, MA 26 September 2007

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  1. Iron Fertilization, Air Capture,and GeoengineeringWoods Hole, MA 26 September 2007 David Keith (keith@ucalgary.ca; www.ucalgary.ca/~keith) Director, Energy and Environmental Systems Group Institute for Sustainable Energy, Environment and Economy University of Calgary

  2. New York Times May 24th 1953

  3. Emissions are rising faster than expected Skeptics argued that this “unrealistic” scenario was included only to make the problem look worse This is where we need to be heading

  4. And, it’s melting quicker than models predict Ice cover on16 September 2007 minimum ice cover 1979-2000

  5. Carbon Management: Location vs Mechanism

  6. Biomass Energy with Capture

  7. Biomass with Capture

  8. Electricity for free… … at a ~300 $/tC carbon price

  9. Air Capture

  10. Thermodynamics of CO2 capture Free energy of mixing: To get 1 bar it takes: ~ 6 kJ/mol starting at 10% CO2 in a power plant exhaust, and ~ 20 kJ/mol starting at the 380 ppm ambient atmospheric concentration It takes ~13 kJ/mol to compress from 1 to 100 bar C + 2 O2 CO2 394 kJ/mol Power plants are ~35% efficient (~160 kJe/mol-C from coal) min loss of electric output should be ~12% ((6+13)/160). Current designs are at least twice as bad.

  11. Direct Air Capture

  12. A A

  13. Cost and energy use vs flow rate

  14. Negative emissions change long-run climate policy Keith, D. W., Ha-Duong, M. & Stolaroff, J. K. Climate strategy with CO2 capture from the air. Climatic Change (2005).

  15. Air Capture Summary • Three uses • Long run negative emissions (2100?). • Acting in a rush, AC along while we do Coal CCS (2030?) • Low Carbon Fuels and remote EOR (2015?) • NaOH contactor • ETH/Rome group using commercial data on packed towers. • Calgary/CMU using spray tower • Less than $50/tCO2 • NaOH regen • Nuclear heat • Electrochemical • Borates/Titenates • No good end-to-end costing.

  16. Other Methods

  17. Increasing ocean alkalinity Motivation: 2×[CO3-2] + [HCO3-]  [A] • Mg-silicates • Olivine (Mg2SiO4) and serpentine (Mg3Si2O5(OH)4) are the most abundant Mg-silicates • MgO • CaCO3 • CaO

  18. Comparisons

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