1293 Airport Road Beaver, WV 25813

1. Subpart X-Stairways & Ladders §1926.1050-1060 Vincent J. Giblin, General President Phone: (304) 253-8674 Fax: (304) 253-7758 E-mail: hazmat@iuoeiettc.org 1293 Airport Road Beaver, WV 25813

2. This material was produced under grant number 46C5-HT16 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

3. Introduction This subpart applies to all stairways and ladders used in construction, alteration repair, and demolition workplaces. This section also designates when ladders and stairways are required to be provided. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

4. Stairways & Ladders1926.1050 Definitions Fixed ladder- a ladder that cannot be readily moved or carried because it is an integral part of a building or structure. Handrail- a rail used to provide employees with a handhold for support Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

5. Stairways & Ladders1926.1050 Definitions Job-made ladder- a ladder that is fabricated by employees, typically at the construction site, and is not commercially manufactured. Point of access- all areas used by employee for work related passage from one area or level to another. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

6. Stairways & Ladders1926.1050 Definitions Portable ladder- a ladder that can be readily moved or Riser height- the vertical distance from the top of a tread to the top of the next higher tread or platform/landing Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

7. Stairways & Ladders1926.1050 Definitions Stairrail system- a vertical barrier erected along the unprotected sides and edges of a stairway to prevent employees from falling to lower levels. Tread depth- the horizontal distance from front to back of a tread. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

8. Stairways & Ladders1926.1051 General Requirements Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

9. Stairways & Ladders1926.1051 General Requirements Any place there is a break in elevation of 19 inches, a stairway, ladder, or ramp, shall be provided. Employers are to provide and install all stairway and ladder fall protection systems before employees begin working. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

10. 1926.1052 Stairways General requirements for stairways:  Non permanent stairways used in construction are not to have landings less than 30 inches in the direction of travel and are to extend at least 22 inches in width at every 12 feet or less of vertical rise. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

11. 1926.1052 Stairways General requirements for stairways: The angle of installation for stairs is to be between 30% and 50% from horizontal. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

12. 1926.1052 Stairways General requirements for stairways:  Riser height and tread depth shall be uniform within each flight of stairs with a variation of no more than ¼ inch in any stairway system. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

13. 1926.1052 Stairways General requirements for stairways:  At least one access point between levels must be kept clear at all times.  2 or more ladders or double-cleated ladder required at access point for area with 25 or more employees. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

14. 1926.1052 Stairways Temporary Service  Unless fitted with secured temporary treads and /or landings, foot traffic is prohibited except during construction of any pan stairs or skeleton metal stairs.  Treads for temporary service shall be made of a solid material, installed the full width and depth of the stair Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

15. 1926.1052 Stairways Stair rails and handrails Stairways with 4 or more risers or rising more than 30 inches are to be equipped with:  At least one handrail  One stair rail system along each unprotected side. This handrail is to be at a height between 30" and 37". Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

16. 1926.1052 Stairways Stair rails and handrails Handrails and the top rails of stair rail systems shall be capable of withstanding a force of at least 200 pounds applied within 2 inches of the top edge, in any downward or outward direction, at any point along the top edge. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

17. 1926.1052 Stairways Stair rails and handrails Permanent handrails are to have a clearance of 3 inches between the handrail and walls, stair rail systems,and other objects Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

18. 1926.1053 Ladders General Requirements Ladders shall be capable of supporting the following loads without failure: Self-supporting portable ladder- At least 4 times the maximum intended load Portable ladder- At least 4 times the maximum intended load Fixed ladder- At least 2 loads of 250 lbs. each,concentrated between any 2 consecutive attachments. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

19. 1926.1053 Ladders General Requirements Ladder rungs, cleats, and steps shall be parallel, level, and uniformly spaced when the ladder is in position for use. On portable ladders, they are to be spaced not less than 10 inches apart, nor more than 14 inches apart and on step stools 8 to 12 inches. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

20. 1926.1053 Ladders General Requirements The minimum clear distance between the sides of individual-rung/step ladders and fixed ladders shall be 16 inches. A clearance of 11½ inches is needed for portable ladders. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

21. 1926.1053 Ladders General Requirements Rungs of portable metal ladders and fixed metal ladders must be corrugated, dimpled, or coated to prevent slipping. Ladder components shall be surfaces so as to prevent injury to an employee from punctures or lacerations, and to prevent snagging of clothing. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

22. 1926.1053 Ladders General Requirements Ladders shall not be tied of fastened together to provide longer sections unless specifically designed for that purpose. The minimum perpendicular clearance between ladder and any obstruction behind the ladder shall be 7 inches. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

23. 1926.1053 Ladders Proper use of Ladders 1. Ladder rails are to extend at least 3 feet above the upper landing surface or else it must be secured at its top Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

24. 1926.1053 Ladders Proper use of Ladders 2. Kept cleared of slippery materials 3. Not to be loaded beyond their intended maximum load or manufacturers rated capacity Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

25. 1926.1053 Ladders Proper use of Ladders 4. Used only for the purpose for which they were designed 5. Fixed ladders are to be at a pitch no greater than 90o from the horizontal. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

26. 1926.1053 Ladders Proper use of Ladders 6. Use only on stable and level surfaces 7. Do not use on slippery surfaces Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

27. 1926.1053 Ladders Proper use of Ladders 8. Non-self-support ladders are to be used at an angle so that the horizontal distance form the top support to the foot of the ladder is about ¼ of the working length of the ladder. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

28. 1926.1053 Ladders Proper use of Ladders 9. Secured where ever there is the possibility of displacement by workplace activities. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

29. 1926.1053 Ladders Proper use of Ladders 10. Not to be moved while occupied. 11. Have nonconductive side rails. 12. Equal support on two-sided ladder rails 13. Area to be Kept clear around tops and bottoms 14. Ladders to be inspected by competent person Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

30. 1926.1053 Ladders Proper use of Ladders 15. Use 3-point climbing: Face the ladder. Have at lest one hand on the ladder at all times. Do not carry a load that could cause you to lose your balance. WRONG! Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

31. 1926.1060 Training Requirements The employer is to provide a training program for each employee using ladders and stairways, as necessary. This is done to enable each employee to recognize hazards and minimize potential accidents. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

32. 1926.1060 Training Requirements Each worker is to be trained by a competent person in these specific topics: Nature of fall hazards Correct procedures foe erecting, maintaining, and disassembling the fall protection systems  Proper construction, use, placement, and care in handling of all stairways and ladders  The maximum intended load-carrying capabilities of ladders used Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

33. 1926.1060 Training Requirements Dangers and hazards that may be avoided include: No handrails or guardrails  Uneven risers  Portable ladders not secured  Ladder not extended 3 feet above landing  Ladders within 10 feet of power lines  Fixed ladders without fall protection. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

34. This material was produced under grant number 46C5-HT16 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

35. End • This publication was made possible by grant numbers 5 U45 ES06182-13 AND 5 U45 ES09763-13 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIEHS, NIH. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program