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Hubble Science Briefing Delivering JWST Science, from Exoplanets to First Light:

Hubble Science Briefing Delivering JWST Science, from Exoplanets to First Light: The N ear- I nfra R ed I mager and S litless S pectrograph (NIRISS) March 6, 2014 Alex Fullerton (STScI). Agenda for Today. The Science Themes of JWST What is NIRISS and How Can It Help? Hardware

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Hubble Science Briefing Delivering JWST Science, from Exoplanets to First Light:

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  1. Hubble Science Briefing Delivering JWST Science, from Exoplanets to First Light: The Near-InfraRed Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) March 6, 2014 Alex Fullerton (STScI)

  2. Agenda for Today The Science Themes of JWST What is NIRISS and How Can It Help? Hardware Observing Modes What’s happening next ? Your Questions!

  3. James Webb Space Telescope Maryland Science Center, Baltimore’s Inner Harbor (2011 October 23)

  4. James Webb Space Telescope

  5. The Frontiers of Knowledge: Science Themes of JWST 2.) Determine how galaxies evolve from the early Universe to the present day 1.) Seek the first stars and galaxies that formed in the early Universe 4.) Probe the chemistry of solar systems (including our own) to constrain the building blocks of life 3.) Solve the mysteries of star formation and birth of protoplanetary systems 5

  6. JWST: Four Instruments NIRCam Near Infrared Camera NIRSpec Near Infrared Spectrograph MIRI Mid-Infrared Instrument NIRISS

  7. What’s in a Name? Recall: The Discovery of Infrared Radiation Sir William Herschel’s Experiment 1800 Feb. 11 From: “Infrared Beyond the Visible” http://webbtelescope.org/webb_telescope/science_on_the_edge/beyond_the_visible/

  8. “Slitless” Spectroscopy An objective prism spectrogram of a region near Gamma Cygni, taken October 16 – 17, 1950 with the 24-inch Schmidt telescope of the Warner and Swasey Observatory. The exposure was 4 minutes on Eastman IIa-O blue-sensitive emulsion by Daniel L. Harris. Spectrographs typically use an entrance aperture (“slit”) to improve the resolving power (especially for spectrographs on ground-based telescopes) and to limit the region of the sky that enters the instrument. For example: A technological marvel developed for NIRSpec is the Multi-Shutter Array (MSA), which allows many slits to be configured “on the fly.” Objective Prism Spectroscopy

  9. FGS / NIRISS Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS) The camera to acquire targets and guide on them during observations. Used for purely functional purposes. Supplied by CSA. Prime Contractor: COM DEV International Optical Bench NIRISS A science instrument. Supplied by CSA. Prime Contractor: COM DEV International Principal Investigator: René Doyon, Université de Montréal

  10. Schematic: Optical Layout Image from Telescope

  11. Enabling Elements Pupil Wheel Filter Wheel

  12. Enabling Elements

  13. NIRISS Observing Modes

  14. JWST Science Themes vs. NIRISS Capabilities

  15. Exoplanet Transit and Eclipse Science Seager & Deming (2010, ARAA, 48, 631) Precision needed: 1 part in 1,000 Transit Learn about atmospheric circulation from thermal phase curves Measure size of planet. Precision needed: 1 part in 100 See starlight transmitted through planet atmosphere. Precision needed: 1 part in 10,000

  16. Single Object Slitless Spectroscopy [SOSS]

  17. GR700XD Grism Weird Stuff! Prism: ZnS (Zinc Sulfide) Grism: ZnSe (Zinc Selenide) weak cylindrical surface (lens) Grism Side Weak Lens + Prism Side

  18. Real Data vs Simulations ISIM CV1 (October 2013) 2.5 microns 0.5 microns Simulation (U. de Montréal) 2nd Order 1st Order

  19. Spectroscopy of the “Water World” GJ1214b Input spectrum Simulated NIRISS spectrum

  20. JWST: First Light, First Galaxies JWST will Study the First Galaxies Simulation (U. de Montréal)

  21. The First Galaxies HST can already see galaxies formed within 500 Myr of the Big Bang (redshift, z = 11). But neither Hubble nor JWST imaging will be able to measure the star formation rate or chemical evolution of these early galaxies. Instead: we need spectroscopy to detect spectral lines of hydrogen and oxygen to measure the detailed properties of the very first galaxies assembling from the products of the first stars, and to confirm their redshifts. 21

  22. Wide-Field Slitless Spectroscopy [WFSS]

  23. MACS J0647+7015: Image in NIRISS F200W HST Image: Composite of ACS and WFC3 exposures. Credit: NASA, ESA, M. Postman and D. Coe (STScI), and the CLASH Team. Simulation of the CLASH field through the NIRISS F200W filter by Chris Willott (NRC) and Van Dixon (STScI).

  24. MACS J0647+7015: GR150R Grism GR150R Disperses Along Rows F200W Simulations by Willott and Dixon

  25. MACS J0647+7015: GR150C Grism GR150C Disperses Along Columns F200W Simulations by Willott and Dixon

  26. Extract Spectra From Both OrientationsAnd Identify Spectral Features Filter Image GR150R GR150C Hydrogen Emission at redshift of 9.25 GR150R GR150C Brightness Simulations by Willott and Dixon

  27. 2013 March: Integration

  28. Hanging Out

  29. What’s Happening Now? NIRCam is being worked on back here. ISIM Structure NIRSpec MIRI Stand for NIRCam http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/webcam.html

  30. What’s Happening Next? Cryogenic Vacuum (CV) Testing at Goddard Space Environment Simulator One down, two to go ISIM being lowered into the SES chamber before CV1

  31. Then: Testing at Johnson

  32. Then: the Fun Really Begins! Thanks for your continued interest and support !

  33. For More Information Arrival at Goddard Space Flight Center 2012 July 30

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