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Growth and Development of the Cotton Fruit

Growth and Development of the Cotton Fruit. Craig W. Bednarz University of Georgia Tifton, GA. Cotton Flower Parts (complete). Stigma. Style. Filament. Petals. Anther. Ovary (fruit). Bracts. Ovules (seeds). Cotton Terminal (40 X). Main Stem Leaf Primordia (whorl).

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Growth and Development of the Cotton Fruit

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  1. Growth and Development of the Cotton Fruit Craig W. Bednarz University of Georgia Tifton, GA

  2. Cotton Flower Parts (complete) Stigma Style Filament Petals Anther Ovary (fruit) Bracts Ovules (seeds)

  3. Cotton Terminal (40 X) Main Stem Leaf Primordia (whorl) Main Stem Meristem (monopodium) Fruiting Branch Meristem (sympodium) Fruiting Branch Meristem Consecutive Nodes (not visible) Thrips

  4. Cotton Sympodia

  5. Cotton Monopodia/Vegetative

  6. bract sepal whorls petal stamen Carpel(pistil)

  7. Schematic of a Carpel in Cross Section Four carpels (fold then fuse) one carpel axile placentation parietal placentation Weier et al., 1980 van Iersel and Oosterhuis 1995 pea cotton, okra

  8. Cotton Pollination Pollen Tube grows at a rate of several mm/h and is SENSITIVE to EVERYTHING. Tube enters mircopyle and male gametes are released.

  9. Cotton Ovule on the Day of Anthesis micropyle 0.008” Oosterhuis and Jernstedt, 1999

  10. Fiber Initials on the Day of Anthesis 0.001” Oosterhuis and Jernstedt, 1999

  11. Developing Cotton Fibers One Day After Antheis 0.001” Oosterhuis and Jernstedt, 1999

  12. Cotton Fiber Footing Berlin, 1986

  13. Fibers Elongate for the First Three Weeks After Anthesis (Boll Enlargement Phase) • Fibers are Single Cell • Increase in Length 1000 X • Water Required • Potassium Required • Temperature

  14. Fibers Fill During the Second Three Weeks After Anthesis (Boll Filling Phase) • Water • Potassium • Temperature Bill Goynes, USDA-ARS

  15. Stages of Boll Development

  16. What Influences Fiber Properties? • CHO supply (source) • CHO demand (sink) • Water • Temperature • Nutrients Also impact CHO supply and demand.

  17. CHO Supply

  18. CHO Supply

  19. Decreased Pnet and Increased Rdark results in: • Less weight gain. • Less CHO availability for boll filling. • Reduced boll weight. • Reduced fiber mirconaire?

  20. CHO Supply Premature aging of crop canopy should be avoided (water stress, fertility stress, etc.). Will impact early season storage of CHO or hasten decline in Pnet Boll filling occurs with a diminishing CHO supply (root and petiole storage, etc.) Bourland et al., 1992

  21. CHO Supply Late Season Heat and Drought? Short staple and low mike cotton early in harvest season? Hake et al., 1990

  22. CHO Demand Hake et al., 1990

  23. CHO Demand

  24. Yield Distribution

  25. Yield Distribution

  26. CHO supply (environment) and CHO demand (crop condition, maturity) impact fiber properties.

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