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Classification

Classification. Chapter 1 Lesson 2 Vocabulary. Classification - Orderly arrangement of organisms into groups based on similar characteristics. Biologists use classification to make organisms easier to study . Taxonomy - is the scientific study of how organisms are classified.

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Classification

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  1. Classification

  2. Chapter 1 Lesson 2 Vocabulary • Classification- Orderly arrangement of organisms into groups based on similar characteristics. • Biologists use classification to make organisms easier to study. Taxonomy- is the scientific study of how organisms are classified.

  3. Vocab. Continued!!!!!!! • CarolusLinnaeusis considered the founder of Taxonomy. He came up with the system that gave every living thing a two word name (genus and species). This is called binomial nomenclature, thetwonames naming system.

  4. ex. Before Linnaeus the honey bee was called Apis pubescens thorace subgriseo abdomine fusco pedibus posticus glabris utrinque margine ciliatus. Oh wowww!!!!!!!!!! Thank goodness for Carolus Linnaeus!! After his naming, the honey bee is Apis mellifera The two part naming is made up of the genus and the species.

  5. Elephas maximus ↓ ↓ Genus Species The first part of the name (genus) is always capitalized. The second part of the name (species) is lower case. The name is either underlined or italicized. Examples: TyrannosauarusrexCanis lupus Luiquidambarstyraciflua ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ Genus species Genus species Genus species

  6. Advantages of scientific names: • They eliminate confusion. No matter what language scientists speak in their country, scientific names are always in Latin or Greek. • Organisms may have many common names but only 1 scientific name. Bonjour Adios sayonara

  7. Taxonomic Keys • These are special guides to identify an unknown organism. It is made up of descriptive statements with either a “yes” or “no” answer. By working through the statements, a person can identify a species. (p. 20)

  8. Branching Tree Diagrams • Diagrams that show evolutionary relationships between organisms. The closer an organism is to another, the more closely related they are. (p. 27)

  9. Domain Bacteria • Prokaryotic (no nucleus) • Unicellular • Cell wall • Some are autotrophs, some heterotrophs • They live everywhere, are in YOU, most are helpful • Oldest organisms (3.5 billion years)

  10. Domain Bacteria Examples • E. coli, Strep, tuberculosis, salmonella • Many are decomposers, • Lactobacillus acidophilus makes yogurt

  11. Domain Archaea • Prokaryotic (no nucleus), • Unicellular • Cell wall • Some are autotrophs and some are heterotrophs

  12. Domain Archaea Examples • There are three main types: salt lovers, heat lovers, and methane producers (found inside cows)! These ancient (archae) bacteria live in extreme environments!

  13. Domain EukaryaKingdom Protista • Eukaryotic (cell has a nucleus, membrane covered organelles) • Most are unicellular • Some are autotrophs, some heterotrophs • Protistsevolved from bacteria and other organisms evolved from protists

  14. Domain EukaryaKingdom Protista examples • Three types: plant-like, animal-like, fungus-like Ameba, Euglena, volvox, slime mold, seaweed

  15. Domain EukaryaKingdom Fungi • Eukaryotic • Cell wall • Mostly multicellular • All are heterotrophs (first digest then absorb their food)

  16. Domain EukaryaKingdom Fungi examples • Molds, yeasts, mushrooms • Some fungi are helpful (decomposers, food, antibiotics such as penicillin); others are harmful (poison, disease)

  17. Domain EukaryaKingdom Plantae • Eukaryotic • Cell wall • Multicellular • Autotroph • Plants have tissues and organs and complex sexual reproduction cycles

  18. Domain EukaryaKingdom Plantae examples • Moss, ferns, sunflowers, grass, redwood trees

  19. Domain EukaryaKingdom Animalia • Eukaryotic • Multicellular • No cell walls • Heterotrophs • Most have organ systems and movement • All reproduce sexually.

  20. Domain EukaryaKingdom Animalia examples • Sponges, beetles, jellyfish, worms, birds, snakes, moths, coral, humans, fish, mosquitoes, clams

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