CHAPTER 7 – NATIONALISM AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

1. CHAPTER 7 –NATIONALISM AND ECONOMIC GROWTH Section 1 – The Rise of Nationalism

2. A. Nationalism Takes Root • What is Nationalism? • National pride or loyalty, went up after War of 1812 • Election of 1816 – • Candidates – Secretary of State James Monroe (R) vs. N.Y. Senator Rufus King (F) • Result – Monroe wins easily • Last time the Federalists have a presidential candidate • Era of Good Feelings – political harmony

3. B. Relations with Spain • Battle over West Florida • First Seminole War • Spain’s attention focused on South America and Mexico • Seminoles raid towns across border into Georgia • Andrew Jackson – began seizing Spanish forts in Florida and fighting against Seminoles • Spain Decides to Deal • Adams’ ultimatum – Spain needed to control Seminoles or give up East Florida • Adams-Onis Treaty – gave East and West Florida to U.S.

4. C. Monroe Doctrine • Revolutions • FYI: Latin American colonies started to revolt against Spain around 1810. Revolutions were usually supported by U.S. citizens, many were inspired by American Revolution • Simon Bolivar – Venezuelan who fought in several revolutions in Latin America

5. C. Monroe Doctrine • A Warning • Why was Monroe worried about European influence in Latin America? • Monroe Doctrine (1823) • U.S. would not interfere with any existing European colonies in Latin America, but would consider any attempt to regain or start new colonies as “dangerous to our peace and safety” • Reaction • How did the Monroe Doctrine represent a change in U.S. foreign policy?

8. CHAPTER 7 –NATIONALISM AND ECONOMIC GROWTH Section 2 – The Challenges of Growth

9. A. The Economy • Rebuilding After the War of 1812 • Manufacturing – improved during war. Why? • Next step – find a balance between industry and agriculture • Weakness in the System • No National Bank – Government forced to deal with state banks • Money Problem – not enough gold or silver, so no loans • Transportation Problem – all trade over land • Reaction – combined effort btw business and gov’t

10. B. The American System • Henry Clay • Lawyer and politician from Kentucky, became Speaker of the House in 1811 • Later known as “The Great Compromiser” • Features of the American System • National Bank • Protective tariff • National transportation system • Quickly accepted by Congress

12. B. The American System • Tariff of 1816 • Protective measure – placed duty on most imported factory goods • What is the purpose for a protective tariff? • Reaction – supported by northern manufacturers and opposed by southern farmers • Why this reaction? Hint: It’s the same old story as with any tariff at this time

13. B. The American System • Transportation • National Road – connected Cumberland, MD to Wheeling, WV and later Vandalia, IL • Erie Canal – 363-mile long canal linked Lake Erie to Hudson River, built by New York State • Canals in NJ – Morris Canal and Delaware and Raritan Canal – see other handouts for more info • Should such projects be aided by federal government or private business? Is this similar or different to today?

16. C. Transportation Revolution • Bad roads – trails became mudpits in the wet • Canals and Steamboats • Midwest Problems – flatboats useless upstream • Canal Projects – Erie Canal reduced cost of moving goods between Buffalo and NYC by 90 percent, helped launch other canals • Fulton’s Folly – steamboat invented by Robert Fulton with Clermont in 1807 • Capable of carrying heavy loads upstream, used on Mississippi River within 10 years

18. C. Transportation Revolution • Locomotives – began in Europe and came to U.S. in 1830s • Advantages – could go anywhere tracks could be laid • Disadvantages – broke down often • Result – Continued to improve and more than $200 million was spent in 1840s

20. C. Transportation Revolution • The Market Revolution • What was it? National markets were created because regions could import needed goods, only had to produce what was most profitable • Biggest gains felt in Midwest, where small towns now able to link to larger cities

21. CHAPTER 7 –NATIONALISM AND ECONOMIC GROWTH New Jersey Canals: The Morris Canal and the Delaware and Raritan Canal

22. The Morris Canal General Information • West end: Philipsburg on the Delaware River • East end: Jersey City on the Hudson River • Length of main canal: 102.15 miles • # of inclined planes: 23 • # of locks: 23 lift locks and 11 guard locks http://shubie.chebucto.org/inclinemovie.htm • What are inclined planes? The boats that moved up or down a hill in “plane cars” on rails with the power supplied by water from the upper level of the canal – this water flowing through a “Scotch turbine” located deep underground.

23. The Morris Canal General Information • What are locks? • They move boats up or down to another level of water. Water either enters or exits the lock so the boat can go on. • Time for a one way trip: 5 days • Power source: 2 mules • Total elevation change: 1,674 feet up and down (peak height of 914 feet)

24. The Morris Canal Important Dates • December 31, 1824: Morris Canal and Banking Company chartered by the State of New Jersey • July 12, 1825: Construction starts near what is now Ledgewood • November 4, 1831: First trip from Newark to Phillipsburg • 1836: Jersey City extension completed - 11.75 miles • November 29, 1922: State of New Jersey takes control of the canal • Spring, 1924: Canal drained • George P. MacCulloch: Morristown businessman who conceived the idea of the canal

26. Morris Canal • Other Information • Cost: Original: $2,104,413 Enlargement: $1,700,000 • Tonnage: 1845 - 58,259 tons • 1866 - 899,220 tons (maximum year) • Only prosperous period was 1860 – 1870 – Can you guess why? • Large Aqueducts: Little Falls Aqueduct across Passaic River – 80 foot span • Pompton River Aqueduct between Mountain View and Lincoln Park – 236 feet long, 9 stone piers

27. Morris Canal • Why was the canal built? • To deliver coal from Pennsylvania’s Lehigh Valley to New Jersey and New York • What else did the canal accomplish? • It gave a big boost to industry in the area (especially iron), and allowed the area to grow faster • Farm products, manufactured goods, raw materials and construction materials were also moved • Why did the canal eventually fail? • Railroads became a more efficient way of transporting bulk goods in the second half of the 19th century

28. http://njhistorypartnership.org//mktRev/morrisCanal/morrisCanalTour.htmhttp://njhistorypartnership.org//mktRev/morrisCanal/morrisCanalTour.htm

36. Delaware & Raritan Canal • Main Canal: Bordentown on Delaware River to New Brunswick on Raritan River – 44 miles – 14 locks • Dimensions: 75 feet wide x 8 feet deep (after 1851) • Locks: 24 feet wide x 220 feet long (after 1853) • Very simple design compared to Morris Canal – less than half as long and only 115 feet in elevation change – no inclined planes • Used by mule-towed canal boats, sailboats, steam tugs towing barges, freight boats, millionaires’ yachts and naval vessels • Opened in 1834, peak year was 1866, closed in 1932

39. CHAPTER 7 –NATIONALISM AND ECONOMIC GROWTH Section 3 – The Rise of Jacksonian Democracy

40. A. The Election of 1824 • Four Candidates – • John Quincy Adams (Mass.), Henry Clay (Ky.), William Crawford (Ga.) and Andrew Jackson (Tenn.) • Field Narrows – • Crawford gets sick and is unable to campaign but beats Clay in Electoral College • Result – House must decide winner – Why? • Why were there so many candidates?

42. A. The Election of 1824 • “Corrupt Bargain” – Clay gives his support to Adams, when Adams wins Clay becomes Secretary of State, Jackson cries foul • Why did Clay give his support to Adams? • Adams’ term – Had good ideas but refused to compromise with Congress, remembered as a bad president

45. B. The Election of 1828 • Andrew Jackson – “Old Hickory”, focused on running for President • Democratic Party – name given later to supporters of Jackson, usually farmers, workers and frontier settlers; i.e. “the common man”

46. B. The Election of 1828 • Jacksonian Democracy • Name given to expansion of political participation regardless of class • Examples: Voters chose electors directly instead of state legislatures, expansion of voting rights led to even more new voters • Personality Clash – election was more about personalities than the issues (i.e. Was Jackson’s marriage illegal?) • Jackson Wins – 178-83 in Electoral College, 56 percent of popular vote • White House party out of control

50. CHAPTER 7 –NATIONALISM AND ECONOMIC GROWTH Section 4 – Jackson’s Policies Define an Era