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Minerals

Minerals. The building blocks of rocks. Atoms, Elements, & Minerals. Atom Smallest component of an element. f. Atoms, Elements, & Minerals. Element substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary means . Atoms, Elements, & Minerals. Compound

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Minerals

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  1. Minerals The building blocks of rocks

  2. Atoms, Elements, & Minerals • Atom • Smallest component of an element f

  3. Atoms, Elements, & Minerals • Element • substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary means

  4. Atoms, Elements, & Minerals • Compound • made up of more than one element • Cannot be separated by physical means • Minerals are compounds NaCl

  5. Atoms, Elements, & Minerals • Mixture • Can be separated by physical means • ALL rocks are MIXTURES of minerals

  6. Atoms, Elements, & Minerals Atoms Elements Minerals Rocks Compounds Mixtures

  7. Minerals Characteristics of Minerals: • Naturally occurring • Solid • Inorganic • Orderly internal arrangement of atoms • Definite chemical composition.

  8. Minerals • How minerals form: 1. Solidification from magma 2. evaporation and precipitation from water

  9. Mineral Properties • Based on the internal arrangement of atoms. Both of these are made entirely of the element Carbon

  10. Mineral Properties 1. Color - • Most easily observed property • Least useful property • The same mineral may have many colors, or different minerals may have the same color

  11. Mineral Properties 1. Color - • Most easily observed property • Least useful property • The same mineral may have many colors Color differences are caused by impurities trapped in the mineral as it formed.

  12. Mineral Properties Page 16 – Earth Science Reference Tables

  13. Mineral Properties 2. Luster – • The way a minerals shines A. Metallic Luster– Looks like a metal

  14. Mineral Properties 2. Luster – • The way a minerals shines B. Nonmetallic Luster– Does not look like a metal

  15. Mineral Properties 3. Hardness – • A minerals resistance to being scratched Glass Plate Hardness = 5.5 6. Feldspar Fingernail = 2.5

  16. Mineral Properties 4. Cleavage/Fracture • Cleavage occurs when minerals break along planes of weak bonds. • Results in smooth, flat surfaces • When a mineral with cleavage is broken, the pieces look similar

  17. Mineral Properties 4. Cleavage/Fracture • Fracture –breakage not on cleavage planes • Like broken glass – no two pieces are the same

  18. Mineral Properties 5. Streak – • The color of a mineral in powdered form • Tested by rubbing mineral on a streak plate.

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