Scholars Biology 3 Genetics Lab Report

1. Scholars Biology 3Genetics Lab Report Searching for Correlations Between Phenotypes

2. Refer to your syllabus for a more detailed description of items to be included in the lab report.

3. Components of the Lab Report • Purpose • Methods • Results • Discussion • Literature Cited

4. Purpose • Describe why the experiment was done • Identify the hypotheses being tested --1 hypothesis for simple inheritance --1 hypothesis for complex inheritance --2 hypotheses for taste perception

5. E e Hypothesis for Simple Inheritance Choose any trait (EXCEPT short index finger) and determine whether the alleles are present in equal frequencies. (See p. 95 for details.) E e If the dominant and recessive alleles are present in equal frequencies, this Punnett square represents the ratio of expected offspring for the whole population. Ee EE Ee ee 75% free earlobes25% attached earlobes

6. Hypothesis for Complex Inheritance Multigenic Traits often show a range of phenotypes that approaches a normal distribution for numbers of individuals with each phenotype. For our experiment: Determine whether we see a normal distribution of heights with different central values for males and females.

7. Hypotheses for Taste Perception Determine whether there is a relationship between 1. Supertaster and PTC-tasting phenotypes 2. Supertaster phenotypes and any ONE of the following: Gender Preference for Brussels sprouts Preference for Cheese Preference for Black coffee Preference for Dark chocolate

8. Methods • Provide a brief description of the techniques, materials and/or equipment used in the experiment. • Emphasize how the methods accomplish the purpose given in the previous section. • Focus on the determination of the phenotypes that are represented in your hypotheses, rather than all the traits tested. • DO NOT write this section as a step-by- step guide for repeating the experiment. • DO write it as a summary of the experimental procedure in past tense.

9. Results • Present your experimental data in this section. • Introduce the reader to the data with a brief description that refers to the content of specific figures or tables. • Choose the most appropriate format for each type of data presented. • Simple Inheritance: Table or Histogram • Complex Inheritance: Line Graph • Taste Perception: Table or Histogram

10. Results • Essential elements of a line graph or histogram • Put a label and specify the units on each axis • Make the plotted points or bars clearly visible • Connect related points by a best-fit line • Include a key to identify different lines, bars • Provide a caption BENEATH the graph or histogram • Brief description • Title • Number consecutively from Figure 1

11. Graphing the Data for Complex Inheritance Number of Students Male Average Female Average Class Average Height (cm) Figure 1: Distribution of Heights in a Scholars’ Biology 3 Class During Fall Semester 2003. Heights of 25 students were grouped into the size categories shown.

12. Displaying Data in a Histogram Percent of Students Tongue-Rolling Phenotypes Figure 2: Frequency of Tongue-Rolling Trait in a Scholars’ Biology 3 Class During Fall Semester 2003. Phenotypes of 25 students were determined by visual observation.

13. Results • Essential elements of a table • Provide a caption ABOVE the table • Title • Brief description • Present the data in clearly labeled columns and rows • Provide labels and units of measure if applicable • Number consecutively from Table 1

14. Displaying Data in a Table Table 1: Frequency of Mid-Digital Hair in a Scholars’ Biology 3 Class During Fall Semester 2003. Phenotypes of 25 students were determined by visual observation.

15. Discussion • Present your interpretation of the results in this section. • Draw conclusions that are based on the experimental evidence. • Discuss whether or not the original hypotheses were supported by the data. • Explain any discrepancies in your data. • Elaborate on the biological implications of the results.* • Relate your results to existing scientific knowledge.* *See Dr. Colavito’s Other Links Web Page for more information on Supertasters.

16. Literature Cited • Include ONLY references cited in your report. • To cite references in the text, use the format (Author, year). • In the literature cited section, use the following format: • For journal: Author, year, Title, Journal Name, volume number and pages • For book: Author, year, Title, Publisherand City of publication • For Web Page: URL and Date Accessed

17. Length of Each Section • Purpose: 1-2 paragraphs • Methods: 1 page • Results: 1 page + figures and tables • Discussion 1-2 pages • TOTAL LENGTH: 3-5 pages of written material • Figures and tables should be included on additional pages.