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Chapter 3 Cell Biology & Genetics

Chapter 3 Cell Biology & Genetics. Part 1. Cells. Basic units of ALL living things Smallest part of an organism that have the characteristics of life All eukaryotic cells have Plasma membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm Organelles. c ork cells. What do “cells” do?. Cellular Functions

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Chapter 3 Cell Biology & Genetics

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  1. Chapter 3Cell Biology & Genetics Part 1

  2. Cells • Basic units of ALL living things • Smallest part of an organism that have the characteristics of life • All eukaryotic cells have • Plasma membrane • Nucleus • Cytoplasm • Organelles cork cells

  3. What do “cells” do? • Cellular Functions • Undergo metabolic reactions (metabolism) & Use Energy • Synthesis of Molecules (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids) • Communication • Reproduction & Inheritance

  4. CELL CITY

  5. Cell Video • Inner Life of a Cell

  6. Cell Parts (page 58-59)PLASMA MEMBRANE • Function….. • outer boundary of cells • Controls the entry and exit of substances • Contain “receptor proteins” (name tags) which identify the cells to recognize other cells (communication)

  7. Plasma Membrane - Structure • Phospholipid bi-layer containing cholesterol molecules and proteins

  8. Nucleus - Function • Control center of cell • Houses the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) which regulates protein synthesis (remember enzymes are a type of protein) & the chemical reactions that take place within the cell

  9. Nucleus - Structure • Enclosed by nuclear envelope (double membrane) which has pores • Contains chromatin (DNA) • Contains a nucleolus which is where ribosomes are made

  10. Ribosome - Function • Site of Protein Synthesis

  11. Ribosome - Structure • Made of rRNA (ribosomal RNA) and proteins • Some ribosomes are found attached to endoplasmic reticulum and some are “free” floating in the cytoplasm

  12. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) - Function • Synthesizes Proteins and then transports them to the Golgi Apparatus

  13. Rough ER - Structure • Membranous tubules and flattened sacs with attached ribosomes

  14. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) - Function • Makes lipids and carbohydrates • Detoxifies harmful chemicals • Stores Calcium

  15. Smooth ER - Structure • Membranous tubules and flattened sacs with no attached ribosomes

  16. Golgi Apparatus (aka Golgi Body) - Function • Modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids for secretion or internal use

  17. Golgi Body - Structure • Flattened membrane sacs stacked on each other

  18. Lysosome – Function & Structure • Function: contains digestive enzymes • Structure : membrane bound vesicle (pinched off from Golgi)

  19. Peroxisome – Function & Structure • Function : site of amino acid and lipid breakdown & breaks down hydrogen peroxide • Structure: membrane bound vesicle

  20. Proteasomes – Function & Structure • Function : Break down proteins in cytoplasm • Structure: tube-like protein complex in cytoplasm

  21. Mitochondria - Function • Major site of ATP (energy) synthesis when oxygen is available

  22. Mitochondria - Structure • Double membrane bound organelles • Inner membrane forms “infoldings” called cristae

  23. Centrioles - Function • Site of microtubule formation • Form the base of flagella and cillia

  24. Centrioles - Structure • PAIR of cylindrical organelles in the centrosome (MTOC) consisting of triplets of parallel microtubules

  25. Cilia - Function • Move materials over the surface of cells

  26. Cilia - Structure • Extensions of the plasma membrane • Contains DOUBLETS of parallel microtubules • 10 micrometers long

  27. Flagella – Function & Structure • Propels spermatozoa (in humans) • Extensions of plasma membrane containing doublets of parallel microtubules • 55 micrometers long

  28. Cilia vs Flagella

  29. Microvilli – Function & Structure • Function: Increase surface area of plasma membrane for absorption and secretion; modified form of sensory receptors • Structure: extensions of plasma membrane containing microfilaments

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