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Understanding Separation Technologies in Chemical Engineering

Explore the principles of diffusion, distillation, absorption, and extraction in chemical engineering through mass balances and unit operations. Learn about constant pressure distillation, Stefan tube, and equimolar diffusion. Understand absorption with countercurrent stages and packed towers. Delve into distillation phase diagrams, flash distillation, and McCabe-Thiele method. Discover extraction with phase diagrams, single-stage, and countercurrent operations.

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Understanding Separation Technologies in Chemical Engineering

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  1. Separation Technology TKP 4105 • Diffusion (binary): Fick’s law • Distillation (binary): Both components A and B are volatile. • Absorption (ternary): Gas component A diluted in an inert carrier gas C contacted with liquid B (which maybe volatile). • Extraction (ternary): Three mutually soluble components.

  2. So, what’s all about? • Mass balances, mass balances, mass ... • Units, units, units ... • Distillation (constant pressure): Difference in volatility caused by changes in T. • Absorption (constant T and P): Driving force is partial pressure. • Extraction(constant T and P): Driving force is liquid mole fraction.

  3. Mass transfer (Chapter 6 and 7) • Stationary flux (Eqs. 6.2-14,15) • Stefan tube (Eq. 6.2-20) • Equimolar diffusion (Eq. 6.2-5) • Varying cross-sectional area (Eq. 6.2-32) • Chapman-Enskog relation (Eq. 6.2-44) • Unsteady state diffusion (Eq. 7.1-7)

  4. Absorption (Chapter 10) • Countercurrent stages (Eq. 10.3-13) • Kremser equations (Eqs. 10.3-22,25) • Packed towers (Eq. 10.6-4 and Fig. 11.6-7)

  5. Distillation (Chapter 11) • Phase diagrams (Figs. 11.1-1,2,3) • Flash distillation (Eq. 11.3-10) • Distillation with reflux (Eqs. 11.4-3,4) • McCabe-Thiele method (Eqs. 11.4-8,11,19 and Fig. 11.4-8) • Total & minimum reflux (Figs. 11.4-10,11)

  6. Extraction (Chapter 12) • Phase diagrams (Figs. 11.5-1,2,3,4) • Single stage operation (Eqs. 12.5-7,8,9) • Countercurrent operation (Eqs. 12.7-3,4,10 and Figs. 12.7-4,5)

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