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Extending the Internet Throughout the Physical World

This keynote presentation explores how the Internet can be extended to encompass the physical world, focusing on the capture and integration of various scales of scientific data and the adaptation to the emerging information infrastructure. It also discusses the dynamic growth of the mobile internet and the California Institute for Bioengineering, Biotechnology, and Quantitative Biomedical Research's grand experiment in partnering with various institutions.

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Extending the Internet Throughout the Physical World

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  1. Extending the Internet Throughout the Physical World Keynote to The EC-US Taskforce on Biotechnology Research Arlington, VA Sept 9, 2001 Larry Smarr Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology

  2. Towards a Global Biological Knowledge Grid • Capture and Integrate Multiple Scales of Science • Genomes, Proteins, Metabolic Pathways • Cellular Systems • Organism Models • Ecological Systems • Geographic Biodiversity • Environmental Interactions • Adapting to the Emerging Information Infrastructure • Wireless Access--Anywhere, Anytime • Distributed Sensors, Data, People, Computers • From the Web to the Grid • Highly Parallel Light Waves Through Fiber • Emergence of a Distributed Planetary Computer

  3. Dynamic Growth in Mobile InternetForecast of Internet users worldwide Subscribers (millions) 2,000 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 Mobile Internet 800 600 400 Fixed Internet 200 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 3G Adds Mobility, QoS, and High Speeds Source: Ericsson

  4. California Has Undertaken a Grand Experiment in Partnering UCSB UCLA UCI UCSD The California Institute for Bioengineering, Biotechnology, and Quantitative Biomedical Research The Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society UCD UCB UCM The California NanoSystems Institute UCSF UCSC The California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology

  5. The UCSD “Living Grid Laboratory”—Fiber, Wireless, Compute, Data, Software • Commodity Internet, Internet2 • CENIC’s ONI, Cal-REN2, Dig. Cal. • PACI Distributed Terascale Facility Wireless WAN SDSC • High-speed optical core Eng. / Cal-(IT)2 CS Hosp Med Chem • Wireless LANs ½ Mile SIO Source: Phil Papadopoulos, SDSC

  6. The High PerformanceWireless Research and Education Network • Cal-(IT)2 Will Build on This Pioneering Experiment • Add New Ecological Sensor Arrays • Try Out New Wireless Technologies • Data Analysis • Outreach and Education NSF Funded PI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC, UCSD Co-PI, Frank Vernon, SIO, UCSD 45mbps Duplex Backbone

  7. As Our Bodies Move On-LineBioengineering and Bioinformatics Merge • New Sensors—Israeli Video Pill • Battery, Light, & Video Camera • Images Stored on Hip Device • Next Step—Putting You On-Line! • Wireless Internet Transmission • Key Metabolic and Physical Variables • Model -- Dozens of 25 Processors and 60 Sensors / Actuators Inside of our Cars • Post-Genomic Individualized Medicine • Combine • Genetic Code • Body Data Flow • Use Powerful AI Data Mining Techniques FDA Approved Aug. 2001 www.givenimaging.com

  8. Adding Brilliance to Wireless SensorsWith Systems-on-Chip Radio Sensors Applications Internet Critical New Role of Power Aware Systems Protocol Processors Embedded Software Memory DSP Processors Ad Hoc Hierarchical Network of Brilliant Sensors Source: Sujit Dey, UCSD ECE

  9. Moore’s Law—Simple 2D Shrinking Reaches End by 2015 Intel8080 1 million transistors 1000nm Intel386 Intel486 Pentium 100 million PentiumPro Feature size (nanometers) 100nm PentiumIII IA-64 10 billion 15 DARPA Nanosciences 10nm Molecular Electronics/ Quantum / Bio 3-D CMOS + - HYBRIDS 1nm 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 ? CMOS Bipolar, NMOS Source: Shankar Sastry, DARPA ITO

  10. The Perfect Storm:Convergence of Engineering with Bio, Physics, & IT Nanogen MicroArray 500x Magnification VCSELaser 2 mm MEMS Human Rhinovirus IBM Quantum Corral Iron Atoms on Copper NANO 400x Magnification 5 nanometers Nanobioinfotechnology

  11. Why the Grid is the Future Scientific American, January 2001

  12. Layered Software Approach to Building the Planetary Grid Science Portals & Workbenches P e r f o r m a n c e Twenty-First Century Applications Access Grid Computational Grid Access Services & Technology Computational Services Grid Services (resource independent) Grid Fabric (resource dependent) Networking, Devices and Systems “A source book for the history of the future” -- Vint Cerf Edited by Ian Foster and Carl Kesselman www.mkp.com/grids

  13. The Grid Physics Network Is Driving the Creation of an International Grid • Paul Avery (Univ. of Florida) and Ian Foster (U. Chicago and ANL), Lead PIs • Largest NSF Information Technology Research Grant • 20 Institutions Involved • Built on Globus Middleware Sloan Digital Sky Survey LHC CMS ATLAS

  14. The EUROGRIDCreates an EU Virtual Machine Room • UNICORE • Java Middleware • Driven by Applications • Links to Key Databases • One Interface to Multiple Machines

  15. STAR TAP:Science Technology And Research Transit Access Point Canada Japan Korea (2) Taiwan Singapore (2) Australia (2) China Norway Iceland Sweden Finland Denmark Russia France Netherlands CERN Israel Ireland Belgium Europe/DANTE United Kingdom Chile, Brazil ANSP, Brazil RNP, Mexico US: Abilene, DREN, ESnet, NISN, NREN, vBNS/vBNS+ www.startap.net http://www.ucaid.edu/abilene/html/itnpeerparticipants.html (Abilene ITN) http://www.canet3.net/optical/peering_info/intl_peering.html (CA*net3 ITN)

  16. Star Light International Wavelength Switching Hub Asia-Pacific SURFnet, CERN CANARIE Seattle Portland NYC Asia-Pacific TeraGrid Caltech SDSC AMPATH AMPATH *ANL, UIC, NU, UC, IIT, MREN Source: Tom DeFanti, Maxine Brown

  17. The NSF TeraGridPartnerships for Advanced Computational Infrastructure Caltech 0.5 TF 0.4 TB Memory 86 TB disk Argonne 1 TF 0.25 TB Memory 25 TB disk TeraGrid Backbone (40 Gbps) NCSA 8 TF 4 TB Memory 240 TB disk SDSC 4.1 TF 2 TB Memory 250 TB disk This will Become the National Backbone to Support Multiple Large Scale Science and Engineering Projects Applications Visualization Compute Data

  18. Advancing Realism in Modeling Cell Structures • Pre-Blue Horizon (mid-1990s): • Model Electrostatic Forces of a Structure up to 50,000 Atoms • a Single Protein or Small Assembly • Pre-TeraGrid (2001): • Model One Million Atoms • Simulate Drawing a Drug Molecule Through a Microtubule or Tugging RNA Into a Ribosome • TeraGrid (2003): • Models of 10 Million Atoms • Model Function, Structure Movement, and Interaction at the Cellular Level for Drug Design and to Understand Disease Baker, N., Sept, D., Joseph, S., Holst, M., and McCammon, J. A. PNAS98: 10037-10040 (2001) Source: Fran Berman

  19. Prototyping the Grid Cyber-Infrastructurefor a Biomedical Imaging Research Network Deep Web Harvard Surface Web Cal Tech UCLA UCSD Duke Wireless “Pad” Web Interface Part of the UCSD CRBSCenter for Research on Biological Structure Forming a National-Scale Grid Federating Multi-Scale Neuro-Imaging Data from Centers with High Field MRI and Advanced 3D Microscopes Source: Mark Ellisman, UCSD BIRN NCRR Imaging and Computing Resources UCSD SDSC Cal-(IT)2

  20. From Telephone Conference Calls to Access Grid International Video Meetings Creating a Virtual Global Research Lab Access Grid Lead-Argonne NSF STARTAP Lead-UIC’s Elec. Vis. Lab

  21. Vast Data Sets Will RequireHigh Resolution Data Analysis Facilities Celera Control Room Cal-(IT)2 Control Room SDSC SIO Cox Communications Teraburst Networks Panoram Technologies Newsday Photo Ira Schwarz

  22. Grid-Enabled Collaborative Analysisof Ecosystem Dynamics Datasets Chesapeake Bay Data in Collaborative Virtual Environment

  23. Common Portal ArchitectureCustomized for Biological Sciences Web Browser - Portal Interface State Values User Preferences Portal Engine Analysis Tools - Genome, Protein, & Metabolic Pathways - Cellular Models - Integrative Systems - Species Identification - GIS Biodiversity - Data Mining - ... Data Gather HTML XML Legacy and Problem Specific Databases, Collections, & Literature

  24. A Global IT Strategy Is Neededto Integrate the Emerging Plant Genomes

  25. Immense Computing Power Will Be Required to Lead in Post-Genomic Research • ”We Don’t Need an Evolution in Computing, We Need a Revolution”—CraigVenter • Sandia and Celera Will Collaborate On: • Advanced Algorithms • Visualization Technologies for Analyzing Massive Quantities of Experimental Data From High-Throughput Instruments • Equivalent to 100,000 Pentium 4’s! • Prototype by 2004

  26. Biology is at the Leading Edge of Using the Emerging Planetary Computer Application Software Has Been Downloaded to Over 30,000 PCs Over 500 CPU-Years Computed Total Storage 50 Terabytes, Peak Speed 13 Teraflops Art Olson, The Scripps Research Institute In Silico Drug Design

  27. A Planetary MegaComputer—Distributed Computing & Mass Storage • Napster Meets Seti@Home ! • Assume Ten Million PCs in Five Years • Average Speed Ten GigaFLOP • Average Free Storage 100 GB • Planetary Computer Capacity • 100,000 TetaFLOP Speed • 1 Million Terabyte Storage • Global Distributed Server for Mobile Clients

  28. Will a New Form of Intelligence Join Human Kind? 1 Million x • Will the Grid Become Self- • Organizing • Powered • Aware? Source: Hans Moravec www.transhumanist.com/volume1/power_075.jpg

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