Dr. Jon Morse Astrophysics Division Director Science Mission Directorate NASA Headquarters

1. Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory CommitteeAstrophysics Division Update Dr. Jon Morse Astrophysics Division Director Science Mission Directorate NASA Headquarters February 11, 2008

2. SMD’S Science Program Leads the World • $4.5B/year Budget. • Large Earth Science, Heliophysics, Planetary Science, & Astrophysics Programs. • 55 Flight Missions in Operation as of Dec ‘07. • 30 Flight Missions in Development as of Dec ‘07. • 3000+ Operating R&A Grants. • THESE NUMBERS EXCEED THE COMBINED EFFORTS OF ALL THE OTHER EARTH & SPACE SCIENCE PROGRAMS OF THE WORLD.

3. SMD Major Activities: Next 12 months

4. We will get more science done within our budget. We will help ensure that U.S. Space Exploration Policy succeeds. We will promote U.S. leadership across all of SMD’s science disciplines. We will improve SMD’s actual and perceived impact on, and relevance to, the public. We will create a better workplace. SMD Management Objectives

5. Astrophysics Division The SOFIA airborne infrared observatory reached first flight milestone in April 2007. The date for first science flights was accelerated to 2009. The James Webb Space Telescope flagship mission completed its technology non-advocate review (TNAR) in 2007 and is now preparing for its Preliminary Design Review (PDR) to proceed into the development phase in spring 2008. We completed instrument deliveries to our European partners for the Herschel and Planck missions to be launched in late 2008. We completed integration and testing of the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) and are proceeding with satellite level thermal-vacuum testing in preparation for launch in late spring 2008. We continued preparing for the shuttle mission to service the Hubble Space Telescope in late summer 2008. We restarted the NuSTAR small Explorer black hole finder mission toward launch in 2011. We expanded suborbital programs and revitalized the Explorer mission queue. We solicited proposals for large and medium class Astrophysics Strategic Mission Concept Studies to help provide technical inputs to the upcoming Astronomy & Astrophysics Decadal Survey and received 42 proposals. Selected Major Accomplishments in 2007

6. In Total SMD Made Five New Starts in 2007 • Astrophysics: NuSTAR Small Explorer. • Heliophysics: BARREL Mission of Opportunity. • Planetary: GRAIL Discovery mission, and two Missions of Opportunity: the NExT and EPOXI comet flyby (using the operational Stardust and Deep Impact spacecraft).

7. SMD’S Cross-cutting FY09 Budget Objectives • Accelerate the Earth Science Decadal Survey mission queue. • Increase space science R&A/MO&DA to get better value from our flight missions. • Increase space science suborbital research programs to foster PI on-ramps, technology demonstration, and accomplish more science. • Increase the number of planned missions in all four of SMD’s science theme areas. • Support NRC Decadal Survey priorities. • Initiate an SMD lunar robotic science program.

8. Major FY09 Budget Changes • Increased commitment to Earth Science over 5 years. • Initiated seven new FY09 mission starts: more than in the past four budgets combined; at least one per SMD science area: • Earth Science: SMAP and IceSat II • Astrophysics: Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM) • Medium-class mission cost envelope • Announcement of Opportunity (AO) expected in 2008 • Downselection of science investigation(s) and mission architecture in 2009 • Aiming for launch by 2014/2015 • Heliophysics: Solar Probe Plus • Planetary: Outer Planets Flagship, small lunar science orbiter, and lunar mini-landers • Substantial increases in astrophysics, heliophysics, and planetary science R&A/MO&DA. • Increased budgets for suborbital rockets and balloons. • Funding for new starts and R&A increases came from internal transfers, efficiencies, out-year mission ops savings, and re-phasings for MMS and Mars Scout.

9. NASA and SMD President’s Budget Request: FY09-FY13

10. SMD Budget by Science Theme

11. SMD’S Flight Program:January 2007

12. SMD’S Flight Program:January 2008

13. Newly Started Missions New Starts Defined as a Phase A Start Year or Final Downselect Year, Whichever is Later.

14. Astrophysics Program Content

15. Astrophysics Budget Restructure Crosswalk Current Structure New Structure } Exoplanet Exploration “Are we Alone?” Cosmic Origins “How did we get here?” Physics of the Cosmos “How does the Universe Work?” Astrophysics Explorer (Adds operating missions) Astrophysics Research (Subtracts operating missions) Navigator Discovery (Kepler) JWST HST SOFIA Spitzer Beyond Einstein GLAST ISSC Chandra Astro. Explorers Astro. Research } } } }

16. Selected FY09 Budget Highlights: Astrophysics • Fund a new start for JDEM (Dark Energy Mission) in FY09; continue LISA, Con-X, and Einstein Probe technology investments. • Refocus Navigator/SIM into a new medium class Exoplanet initiative. • Accelerate SOFIA research capability in order to begin in 2009. • Fund a revitalized balloon and suborbital rocket program. • Augment astrophysics R&A 26% in FY09, 46% by FY12.

17. Astrophysics Budget Changes

18. For FY2007, the following aggregates the competed Astrophysics research budget excluding flight hardware development “Astrophysics R&A” (really ST&T) ………………………………$50M Data analysis (other than “Astrophysics R&A”) …………………..$88M Mission specific General Observer/Guest Investigator programs Archival data analysis programs Mission Science Teams (other than “Astrophysics R&A”) ……..~ $75M PI teams for missions and instruments selected through AO Additional team members selected through competition Participating scientists, interdisciplinary scientists, science working group members, etc. Total Astrophysics research and data analysis funding ………..~ $213M Astrophysics Research Budget

19. Supporting Research & Technology (SR&T) Astronomy & Physics Research & Analysis (APRA)* Astrophysics Theory Program (ATP)* Origins of Solar Systems (SSO)* Data Analysis (DA) Astrophysics Data Analysis (ADP)* Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE)*, X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE)* GALEX*, Swift*, Suzaku* Hubble, Chandra, Spitzer, XMM, INTEGRAL Mission science teams for the above missions, plus those in development GLAST, JWST, Kepler, SOFIA, WISE Astrophysics R&A Elements * ROSES Element

20. FY2007 Astrophysics Data Analysis Total FY07 Funding $88M

21. FY2007 Astrophysics SR&T Total FY2007 Funding $51M

22. ROSES Changes for 2008 • ROSES-2007 APRA-2008 was amended to allow grants of up to 4 years for Detector Development, Supporting Technology, Laboratory Astrophysics and Ground-Based Proposals. Suborbital Investigations will remain at up to 5 years. • ROSES-2008 will allow 4-year awards for ATFP, ADP, and APRA. • ROSES-2007 APRA-2008 (and ROSES-2008) amended to encourage suborbital proposals to establish absolute photometric standards across the electromagnetic spectrum. • ROSES-2007 APRA-2008 (and ROSES-2008) amended to include technology and training as factors of intrinsic merit: • “For suborbital proposals, specific factors that will be considered when evaluating a proposal’s intrinsic merit are the scientific merit, the degree to which it advances the technology readiness level of a detector or supporting technology, and the degree to which it advances the readiness of junior researchers or graduate students to assume leadership roles on future NASA space flight missions.”

23. Backup

24. Supporting Research & Technology (SR&T) $51M in FY2007, ~ $54M in FY2008 • Astronomy & Physics Research & Analysis (APRA) • Disciplines • Particle Astrophysics • Gamma-Ray • X-ray • UV/Optical • IR/Sub-mm/Radio • Categories of Investigations • Suborbital Investigations • Detector Development • Supporting Technology (Optics, Coatings, Coronagraphs, …) • Laboratory Astrophysics • Ground-based • Astrophysical Theory & Fundamental Physics (ATFP) • Origins of Solar Systems

25. FY2007 Astrophysics SR&T Total FY2007 Funding $51M

26. ROSES-2006 Statistics

27. ROSES-2007 NRA Review Schedule