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Cytology

Cytology. The Study of Cells. Cells. All living things are made of cells Cells are the building b locks of Life Cells come from other cells. ½. 1. 1. 2. 1. 1. Limitations to cell size. Cells alter shape to increase surface area (ability to exchange materials). SA = 7

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Cytology

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  1. Cytology The Study of Cells

  2. Cells • All living things are made of cells • Cells are the building blocks of Life • Cells come from other cells

  3. ½ 1 1 2 1 1 Limitations to cell size • Cells alter shape to increase surface area (ability to exchange materials). SA = 7 (same V) SA = LARGE (same V) SA = 6

  4. How does the shape of a cell affect its function? Nerve cell White blood cell Red blood cell

  5. Can a single cell have unlimited growth? • The surface area lets materials in and out The volume of the cell is where chemical chemical reactions take place. Products are produced there. Some products are useful and others are waste. Product needs to transported through the cell or out of the cell Materials move in & out by diffusion CO2 C6H12O2

  6. Can a single cell have unlimited growth? • Surface Area to volume ratio • A larger surface area to volume ratio More material can move in and out of the cell faster. As the cell grows, the volume grows faster than the surface area. 1 2

  7. Limitations to cell size 1 • Each side is 1 mm • Surface area = (1 x 1) x 6 = 6 • Volume = 1 x 1 x 1 = 1 • Ratio is 6:1 • Cell grows to 2 mm per side • Surface Area = (2 x 2 )x6 = 24 • Volume = 2 x 2 x 2 = 8 • Ratio is 24:8 • The ability to acquire nutrients and dispose of waste is only 4 times greater (SA) • The need to acquire nutrients and dispose of waste is 8 times greater (V) 2

  8. Calculate • When a spherical cell increases in diameter from 2 mm to 20 mm, by what factor does its surface area change? • By what factor does its volume change? The surface area of sphere = 4ת radius 2 Volume of a sphere 4/3 תradius3 . Diameter = 2 x radius.

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