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Cytology

Cytology. Chapter 6. Cell Theory. Why is this considered a “theory”? Light Microscopes Anton Von Leeuwenhoek - Early 1600’s Robert Hooke – 1665 – named “cell” What was he viewing? Three parts of cell theory All living things made of cells Cells basic unit of structure and function

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Cytology

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  1. Cytology Chapter 6

  2. Cell Theory • Why is this considered a “theory”? • Light Microscopes • Anton Von Leeuwenhoek - Early 1600’s • Robert Hooke – 1665 – named “cell” • What was he viewing? • Three parts of cell theory • All living things made of cells • Cells basic unit of structure and function • All cells come from preexisting cells

  3. Microscopes • Video- United Streaming • Compound light • Limitation is resolution • Transmission electron (TEM) – mid 1940’s • Scanning electron (SEM) – late 1950’s • Discuss similarities and differences • Discuss advantages and disadvantages

  4. Cells - An overview • Organelles • Compartmentalization of cell functions • Plasma membrane • Nucleus • Cytoplasm • Cell wall • Eukaryotic vs. prokaryotic

  5. Which cell is which? Let’s draw a Venn diagram

  6. 6.2 Membranes • What surrounds the cell and its organelles? • What are the similarities and differences between the plasma membrane and our classroom walls? • What about the cell wall?

  7. Membranes - Structure What type of biomolecules makes up the plasma membrane? Why does this fit structure and function theme?

  8. Phospholipid Bilayer

  9. Membrane Proteins • What are some membrane protein functions? (plasma membrane and other membranes) • Online Activity 6.3 • Construct a Cell Membrane

  10. Membrane Traffic Regulation6.3 • Materials such as water, nutrients, dissolved gases, ions, and wastes must constantly move in two-way traffic across a cell’s membranes. • Membrane designed to regulate and control what moves and when it moves!

  11. Diffusion • What’s that smell? • Define concentration • Concentration gradient • Equilibrium • Can occur across membrane – such as window screen. • What does permeable mean? • What does selectively permeable mean?

  12. Passive Transport • No energy needed – chemicals move down concentration gradient • Diffusion – • Gases – oxygen and carbon dioxide- through phospholipid bilayer • Water can’t move through PL-bilayer – Why?? • Facilitated diffusion • Help received from proteins • Water, some sugars

  13. Contrast diffusion and facilitated diffusion

  14. Osmosis • Egg demo • Passive transport of WATER • Key Terms: • Hypertonic • Hypotonic • Isotonic • “Rules”: • -tonic refers solute • Water flows from hypotonic to hypertonic (from lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration) • Link for review of osmosis – hypertonic and hypertonic • Link to review semipermeable membrane and osmosis

  15. Review of Cell Transport • Interactive Website

  16. Osmosis in Animal and Plant Cells • Plasmolysis • Turgor pressure

  17. Active Transport • ATP required! • Nerve cells (Na+/K+ pumps)

  18. Transport of Large Molecules • Cells “packages “ invesicles • Exocytosis • Endocytosis

  19. Introduction: • What proportion of a cell is composed of water? • What’s the rest made up of?

  20. How is a cell like our school? • What types of different things go on in a school? • What types of different things go on in a cell? • How are they separated?

  21. 6.4 The cell builds a diversity of products • Nucleus- which room of EHS would the nucleus be? • If the cell were as big as our classroom, how big would the nucleus be? http://www.cdli.ca/~dpower/cell/nucleus.jpg

  22. Ribosome and Endoplasmic Reticulum • What do ribosomes do? • What happens in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)? • Rough ER • Smooth ER http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/endoplasmicreticulum/images/endoplasmicreticulumfigure1.jpg

  23. Golgi Apparatus • Where in EHS would you find the Golgi Apparatus? • How big would it be if the cell were the size of our classroom? • What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? http://ghs.gresham.k12.or.us/science/ps/sci/soph/cells/pics/er-golgi1.jpg

  24. Vacuoles, Lysosomes, and other Vesicles • Vacuoles usually store undigested nutrients • Vacuoles in plants – provide turgidity • Some contain colored pigments (not chlorophyll) • Lysosomes digest and recycle. • Involved in “digesting” phagocytized microbes • In some cases commit “suicide” • Vesicles are constantly budding from one organelle and fusing with others. • Online Activity 6.4

  25. 6.5 Chloroplasts and Mitochondria • Online Activity 6.5 • What is the function of chloroplasts? • What is the function of a mitochondrion (pl. mitochondria)? • What are the products of each??

  26. 6.6 Internal skeleton of cells • Cytoskeleton (cyto means “cell”) • What are the functions of microtubules and microfilaments? • Flagella and Cilia • Where do you find each? • How do they move the cell? • Online Activity 6.6 • Cell is a Coordinated Unit!

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