1 / 48

Cytology

Cytology. Ms. Napolitano & Mrs. Haas CP Biology. Terms for Do Now 2/5 & 2/6. Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm Cytosol Chromosomes Ribosomes Nucleoid Nucleus Nucleolus Nuclear Membrane Nuclear Pores Nucleoplasm Mitochondria Smooth ER Rough ER Vesicles Lysosomes Peroxisomes

luce
Download Presentation

Cytology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Cytology Ms. Napolitano & Mrs. Haas CP Biology

  2. Terms for Do Now2/5 & 2/6 Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm Cytosol Chromosomes Ribosomes Nucleoid Nucleus Nucleolus Nuclear Membrane Nuclear Pores Nucleoplasm Mitochondria Smooth ER Rough ER Vesicles Lysosomes Peroxisomes Golgi Apparatus Cytoskeleton Microtubules Flagella Cilia Centrioles Cell Wall Central Vacuole Chloroplasts

  3. What Are Cells? • Cells: the smallest unit of life • Collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier • Cytology: The study of cells

  4. Robert Hooke 1665 - Viewed cork under a microscope. Named empty chambers “cells” because they looked like monks’ cells.

  5. Cell Theory 1838 1855 All living things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function. New cells are produced from existing cells.

  6. The study of cells is called… • Microbiology • Cytology • Histology • Immunology

  7. The study of cells is called… • Microbiology • Cytology* • Histology • Immunology

  8. Which of the following is NOT part of the cell theory? • All living things are made up of cells. • Cells are the basic unit of structure & function. • All cells come from preexisting cells • When one cell is born, one cell must die.

  9. Which of the following is NOT part of the cell theory? • All living things are made up of cells. • Cells are the basic unit of structure & function. • All cells come from preexisting cells • When one cell is born, one cell must die.*

  10. Parts of the Cell

  11. Plasma Membrane Holds the cell together Surrounds the cell Controls what goes in and out Phospholipidbilayer

  12. Cytoplasm & Cytosol Cytoplasm • Material in the cell membrane • Does not include the nucleus Cytosol • Liquid found inside cells • Separated into compartments by membranes

  13. Chromosomes Threadlike structure within the nucleus Contains genetic information (DNA) Humans = 23 chromosome pairs

  14. Ribosomes Where proteins are made May be free in the cytosol or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum

  15. Nucleoid • Contains the genetic material of prokaryotes • Recall: prokaryotes do not have nuclei

  16. Nucleus Structure that contains the cell’s genetic material Controls cell activity Only found in eukaryotes

  17. Nucleolus Small, dense region within nucleus Where protein production begins

  18. Nuclear Membrane, Nuclear Pores, & Nucleoplasm • Nuclear Membrane: layer that surrounds the nucleus • Separates & protects the nucleus • Nuclear Pores: channels that regulate the transport of molecules across the membrane • Nucleoplasm: fluid inside of the nucleus

  19. Mitochondria Converts chemical energy from food into compounds usable by the cell AKA the “powerhouse” of the cell Makes ATP

  20. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Rough ER: makes proteins • Contains ribosomes • Connected to the nucleus • Smooth ER:carb/lipid synthesis, detoxification • No ribosomes

  21. Vesicles Small “bubble” Transport materials within the cell

  22. Lysosomes & Peroxisomes • Lysosome: small organelle filled with enzymes to break down certain materials within the cell • Peroxisome: small organelle that contains catalase • breaks down hydrogen peroxide • 2 H2O2 2 H2O + O2

  23. Golgi Apparatus Modify, sort, and package proteins Vesicles fuse on & pinch off

  24. Cytoskeleton Network of protein filaments Maintains cell shape Helps with cell movement

  25. Cytoskeleton Filaments • Microtubules: largest • Involved in cell division • Actin: smallest • Makes striations of skeletal muscle tissue • Intermediate Filaments: provide support • hold organelles into place • Organize cells into tissues

  26. Flagella & Cilia Flagella: whip-like appendages used for propulsion Cilia: short, hair-like projections that aid in movement

  27. Centrioles Structures that help organize cell division Not found in plant cells

  28. Cell Wall Rigid outer layer of the cell that supports the membrane Found in plants, algae, & some bacteria

  29. Central Vacuole Large cavity in plant cells Stores food, water, or metabolic waste Maintains turgor pressure

  30. Chloroplasts • Found in photosynthetic organisms • Site of photosynthesis • Captures light energy and convert it into chemical energy

  31. Theory of Endosymbiosis • Eukaryotic cells arose from living communities formed by prokaryotic cells • Mitochondria & chloroplasts were once free-living prokaryotic cells • Evidence: 1. They both contain their own DNA 2. They both have ribosomes 3. They divide by mitosis

  32. Which of the following cell partsis NOT found in prokaryotic cells? • Mitochondrion • Ribosomes • Chromosomes • Cytosol

  33. Which of the following cell partsis NOT found in prokaryotic cells? • Mitochondrion* • Ribosomes • Chromosomes • Cytosol

  34. The function of the mitochondria is to produce • Energy • Food • Water • Sunlight

  35. The function of the mitochondria is to produce • Energy* • Food • Water • Sunlight

  36. Which of the following organelles packages and ships out proteins? • Smooth ER • Lysosomes • Nucleus • Golgi apparatus

  37. Which of the following organelles packages and ships out proteins? • Smooth ER • Lysosomes • Nucleus • Golgi apparatus*

  38. Which of the following cell parts is responsible for cell movement? • Plasma membrane • Peroxisomes • Cilia • Intermediate Filaments

  39. Which of the following cell parts is responsible for cell movement? • Plasma membrane • Peroxisomes • Cilia* • Intermediate Filaments

  40. The Rough ER has ribosomes bound to its membrane. • True • False

  41. The Rough ER has ribosomes bound to its membrane. • True* • False

  42. The nucleoid is found in prokaryotic cells. • True • False

  43. The nucleoid is found in prokaryotic cells. • True* • False

  44. Which of the following is found in both plant and animal cells? • Chloroplasts • Cell wall • Smooth ER • Central Vacuole

  45. Which of the following is found in both plant and animal cells? • Chloroplasts • Cell wall • Smooth ER* • Central Vacuole

  46. Which of the following is found in animal cells, but not plant cells? • Nucleus • Centriole • Golgi apparatus • Rough ER

  47. Which of the following is found in animal cells, but not plant cells? • Nucleus • Centriole* • Golgi apparatus • Rough ER

More Related