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DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Learn about the structure, function, and importance of DNA, the molecule that contains the instructions for making proteins and determines an organism's traits. Explore its double helix structure, nucleotides, nitrogen bases, and the significance of DNA sequencing.

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DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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  1. DNADeoxyribonucleic Acid

  2. DNA is called: the blueprint for life!

  3. What is DNA? • DNA contains the instructions for making proteinswithin the cell. • The information that determines an organism’s traits. • Stores and passes on genetic information from one generation to the next. • DNA produces proteins which gives it “The power” • Many things contain and are made of proteins. • Skin, hair, bones, etc are made of proteins.

  4. Why do we study DNA? • 1. It tells about life on earth • 2. Medical benefits and research • 3. To enhance food crops and farming animals and plant

  5. Definitions • Chromosomes are a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. • Genes are:a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

  6. What does it look like: • The DNA molecule looks like a twisted ladder. It is called a double helix.

  7. What is DNA? Cont’d • Enzymes are special proteins. • Enzymes control chemical reactions needed for life. • DNA contains all the information for making all and any proteins for human life.

  8. DNA Structure: • DNA is made of repeating subunits called nucleotides. • Nucleotides have three parts: • Simple sugar • Phosphate group • Nitrogen base

  9. 1 Nucleotide Phosphate Group Nitrogen Base Sugar (Deoxyribose)

  10. DNA Structure • The simple sugar is called deoxyribose. • The phosphate group is made of phosphate and oxygen.

  11. DNA Structure • Four possible Nitrogen Bases: • Thymine (T) • Adenine (A) • Cytosine (C) • Guanine (G)

  12. DNA “Backbone” • Nucleotides join together to form long chains. • The phosphate group of one nucleotide joins together with the deoxyribose sugar of an adjacent nucleotide. “Teeth”

  13. DNA • Nitrogen bases pair up • Adenine & Thymine (A-T) • Cytosine & Guanine (C-G) Complementarybases

  14. Watson & Crick and Franklin, 1953 • Rosalind Franklin is the first one to see the DNA • Watson and Crick Proposed DNA is put together like a “twisted zipper” • DNA = 2 chains of nucleotides joined by nitrogen bases

  15. Watson & Crick, 1953Double Helix • Double = DNA has two strands • Helix = twisted like a spring, “spiral”

  16. Importance of Sequencing • The sequence of the four different nucleotides determines what organism is created. • For instance: T-A-A-G-C-A is different than A-T-C-A-A-G • Another example: E-A-R-T-H is different than H-E-A-R-T vs.

  17. Importance of Sequencing • The more similar the order of nucleotides are, the closer the relationship between 2 organisms

  18. 1 Nucleotide Phosphate Group Nitrogen Base Sugar (Deoxyribose)

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