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BASIC BLUEPRINT READING

BASIC BLUEPRINT READING. SUBJECTS. DRAWING BASICS ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS PNEUMATIC/HYDRAULIC DRAWINGS PIPING AND PI&D DRAWINGS CIVIL AND ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS MACHINE DRAWINGS. DRAWING BASICS. Objectives. Define basic industrial drawing structure Define line types

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BASIC BLUEPRINT READING

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  1. BASIC BLUEPRINT READING

  2. SUBJECTS • DRAWING BASICS • ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS • PNEUMATIC/HYDRAULIC DRAWINGS • PIPING AND PI&D DRAWINGS • CIVIL AND ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS • MACHINE DRAWINGS

  3. DRAWING BASICS

  4. Objectives • Define basic industrial drawing structure • Define line types • Define types of drawings

  5. Purpose of Drawings • Drawings are used to convey information about a wide range items such as: • Architectural building layouts • Electrical wiring • Pneumatic or Hydraulic layouts • Location of equipment • How to assemble equipment • Details of equipment

  6. Types of Drawings • Civil • Architectural • Structural • Mechanical • Plumbing • Piping • Pneumatic/Hydraulic • Electrical

  7. Engineering Drawings • A general engineering drawing can be divided into the following five major areas or parts. • 1. Title block • 2. Grid system • 3. Revision block • 4. Notes and legends • 5. Engineering drawing (graphic portion)

  8. Drawing Sizes • Drawings come in a alphabetical list of sizes for A to F with D size being the most typical Metric sizes A4 (210 x 297) A – (letter) 8 ½ by 11inches A3 (297 x 420) A2 (420 x 594) B - 11 by 17inches A1 (594 x 841) C - 17 by 22 inches A0 (841 x 1189) D - 22 by 34 inches E - 34 by 44 inches F - 28 by 40 inches

  9. Title Blocks XYZ COMPANY • Title blocks are the beginning point of a drawing information.

  10. Revision Blocks • The revision block notes any changes made to a drawing • Throughout a drawing the revision listed in the revision block may be indicated by a symbol near the modified portion of the drawing such as: A

  11. Parts Lists • Parts Lists are called Bill of Materials. It is a list of the material that is used to build the item that is

  12. Scales • Drawing scale is a relationship of the size or distance of the item on a drawing to the real item. • For example a scale of ¼” = 1’ means a measurement of ¼ inch (the quote symbol “ is a shorthand for inches) on the drawing equals 1 foot ( the apostrophe symbol ‘ is shorthand for feet) of the real world item.

  13. Grid System • A drawing grid system allows a specific point on a drawing to be referenced or found. 2 4 6 1 3 5 A B C This point on the drawing is B-3

  14. Basic Lines • Object lines • Hidden lines • Cutting plane lines • Centerlines • Extension lines • Dimension lines • Leaders line • Phantom lines

  15. Object Line The object line is a heavy, dark line which identifies the visible edges of the drawn object or the surface of an object.

  16. Hidden Line • The hidden line is used to show features or edges of an object that is not visible. It is a broken line of medium thickness.

  17. Center Line • The center line is used to locate the center of features. It is usually a fine, broken line made of alternating short and long dashes.

  18. Dimension Line / Extension Line • Dimension Lines are used to show the extent of a dimension. • Extension Lines are use to extend a point from an object. Extension Line Dimension Line

  19. Phantom • Phantom lines are used to represents the outline of an adjacent part. • The also are used to show an alternate position of a given part Phantom

  20. Leader • A leader is a fine line used to define a point or area. It may have a note, dimension value or a number at the end of it 1 Grind Surface

  21. Cutting Plane Line • Cutting plane lines are used to indicate where an imaginary cut is made through the object. If it is labeled the section may be redrawn in detail in another part of the drawing. A A

  22. Break Lines • Break lines are uses to terminate a view to conserve drawing space and avoid congestion. • Short Break Line • Break lines are also used to separate internal and external features with broken-out sections

  23. Break Lines Example The break line is being used to show a part reduced in length on the drawing to conserve space. 3” 250 feet

  24. Section Lines • Section lines are used where a surface is illustrated as cut. • It normally is used in a sectional view. • The lines are normally drawn diagonally.

  25. Dimensioning Systems • Different systems of dimensioning are generally used • Fractional inch • Decimal inch • SI Metric

  26. Fractional Inch Dimensioning 2 Dia 21/32 Dia 3/16 1/2 1 9/16 Dia

  27. Decimal Inch Dimensioning 2.00 Ø .656 Ø .19 .50 1.56 Ø

  28. Metric Dimensioning Ø 50 Ø 16.5 5 13 Ø 40

  29. Abbreviations • Abbreviations are used to help reduce clutter and simplify drawings. A table is included in the drawing.

  30. Drawing Legends • Legends are boxes drawn on the drawing to illustrate some of the common or uncommon symbols used.

  31. Isometric Drawings • Isometric drawings are designed to show a three dimensional view of an object.

  32. Perspective • Perspective is a method of drawing things as the eye sees them. Vanishing point

  33. Orthographic Drawings Top view Left side Right side Rear Front Bottom • Orthographic projection shows the drawn object from different views Projection view

  34. Single Line Drawings • The  single  line  format  represents  all  electrical lines, plumbing, air lines, hydraulic lines and piping,  regardless  of  size,  as single line.   • System equipment is connected to the lines are represented by simple standard symbols.   • By  simplifying  connections  and equipment as  single  lines  allow  the  system's equipment and instrumentation relationships to be clearly understood by the reader. • These types of drawings are also called Schematics.

  35. Civil • Civil drawings are used to represent construction on the earth or ground areas. • Civil drawings are sometimes called: • site plans • plot plans • survey plans. • They will show contours of the earth, building locations, construction features, utilities, etc.

  36. Contour Lines 180 160 140 120 110 • Contour lines are used in drawings called topographic maps and are used to identify physical features which uses contour lines to join points of equal elevation (height) and thus show valleys and hills, and the steepness of slopes. The elevation or height is a number drawn along the line.

  37. Architectural • Architectural drawings or plans are used to illustrate the design of a project. • They include items such as: • Working drawings • Structural drawings • Floor plans • Elevation drawings • Section drawings • Flow diagrams

  38. Gridlines B C A 1 2 3 • Gridlines refers to the letters and numbers, such as A-1, which identifies the columns of a building in a drawing. Column A-1 Column symbol

  39. Mechanical • Mechanical drawings are the plans for objects such as motors, assemblies for equipment, etc. • There are many types of drawings associated with mechanical drawings such as: • Exploded view • Detail • Assembly

  40. Example Mechanical Detail

  41. Example Assembly Drawing

  42. An Exploded View

  43. Plumbing/Piping 36.00 40.00 TEE Valve PIPELINE TANK • These types of drawings are similar to pneumatic/hydraulic schematics. Single Line Plumbing Example

  44. Single Line Drawing 36.00 40.00 TEE Valve PIPELINE TANK • A Single line plumbing drawing example

  45. Orthographic Piping Drawing

  46. P&ID • Piping and Instrumentation Drawings • These drawings are similar to plumbing but are intended to illustrate the complete piping system and the controlled process flow of material. • All the equipment, pipelines, valves, pumps, instruments and the controls to operate the process are illustrated. They are not drawn to scale.

  47. Example P&ID FROM FUTURE MAIN VAPOR RECOVERY UNIT CS CONTACTOR SLUG CATCHER H.P. BULK SEPARATOR COALESCING FILTER NO. 1 FILTER SEPARATOR PRODUCTION FROM SATELLITES (TYP.) TEST SEPARATOR FILL FROM CIS TRANSPORTER HYDROCYCLONES (TYP. 2) FRESH CIS PUMPS (TYP. 2) FRESH CIS TANK FRESH CIS CHARGE PUMPS (TYP. 2)

  48. Electrical • Electrical drawings are also single line drawings or schematics that uses symbols for various electrical equipment. • They are usually drawn in a style called a ladder diagram. • Another form of drawing is a wiring diagram which illustrates the wiring in a orthographic or pictorial style.

  49. Example Ladder 115 VAC L1 L2 Pushbutton Pilot Light L • Ladder schematics or diagrams are drawn with the circuit between two vertical lines, usually the power that supplies the circuit, thus each line creates a “rung” to the ladder.

  50. Example Wiring Diagram • Electrical wiring diagrams draws the single lines from each device exactly as it would be wired.

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