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SAMPLING MINORITY GROUPS MEETING THE CHALLENGE. Dr. Jo Goodey Programme Manager – Research EUMC. KEY POINTS. EUMC Current Data Collection and Challenges Pilot Victim Survey Sample Population Sampling Procedures Sampling Considerations Expectations.
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SAMPLING MINORITY GROUPSMEETING THE CHALLENGE Dr. Jo Goodey Programme Manager – Research EUMC
KEY POINTS • EUMC • Current Data Collection and Challenges • Pilot Victim Survey • Sample Population • Sampling Procedures • Sampling Considerations • Expectations
EUMC – European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia Mandate – provide EC and its MSs with objective, reliable and comparable data on racism, xenophobia and antisemitism in EU Key research areas: racist crime and violence; legislation; employment; education; housing
EUMC Data Collection • RAXEN (Racism and Xenophobia Information Network) • 25 NFPs (National Focal Points) • NFPs contracted to collect data in each key research area – feeds into Annual Report and targeted publications; for example: • Policing Racist Crime and Violence (Sep 2005) • Racist Violence in 15 EU Member States (April 2005)
Challenges facing EUMC data collection • Data collection on & about minorities differs greatly between MSs • Ethnic monitoring not allowed in most MSs • Data Protection Laws often cited • MSs do collect data on nationality • Existing data collection often ineffective and is not directly comparable between MSs
Responding to Challenges Absence of data collection Unable to fulfil mandate
Pilot Victim SurveyConsiderations for Sampling & Methodology • Population: How to decide on and identify groups for sampling? • Sample Unit: Individuals, households, dwellings? • Location: Where will surveys be conducted? • Mode of delivery: Pros and cons of face-to-face, CAPI, CATI; Language of delivery. • Consider – COST and CREDIBILITY
Identifying Sample Populations • Identify maximum threeethnic minority and/or foreigner/immigrant groups in each MS for surveying • Identify groups considered vulnerable to criminal victimisation, including ‘racially’, ‘ethnically’ or ‘religiously’ motivated crime • Identify groups with common marginalised status when compared with majority population • Identify groups on basis of available credible (official and unofficial) information
Sample Population Ethnic Minority = • Both citizens (nationals) and non-citizens (non-nationals) of MSs who consider themselves as having identifiable group characteristics (language, culture, religion etc.) • NOT to be confused with ‘national minorities’
Sample Population Foreigner/Immigrant = • Non-citizens (non-nationals) of MSs, as defined by their nationality, or minority citizens who are commonly labelled so to indicate their ‘otherness’ • Someone who resides either permanently or temporarily in MS. NOT non-resident migrant workers or tourists • Refugees and asylum seekers can be included
Possible Sampling Approaches • Various sampling approaches considered, with implications for survey’s application mode: • High Density Sampling: Many MSs have no official registers of ethnic minority populations, therefore sample in and around areas with known minority concentrations using ‘best’ available demographic data • Focused Enumeration: Screening method - can be applied in high density sampling sites (BCS)
Possible Sampling Approaches cont. • Name Lists: Identifies ‘foreign’ names from available registers (electoral registers, telephone books) • Multiplicity/Network Sampling: Respondent asked to identify people from (typically) rare network • Institutional Approach: Institutions approached to help identify ethnic minority and immigrant/foreigner populations
Sampling Considerations • Adopt multi-stage probability sampling as appropriate to (1) each Member State and (2) each minority group • Identify possible transferable methods for future survey • Utilise existing survey experience re ‘difficult to sample’ populations
Victim Survey Expectations Short Term (Pilot) • Test survey sampling/methodology – on minorities • Provide preliminary sampling/research results Long Term • Provide an alternative source of information to official criminal justice data • Identify minority groups prone to victimisation, receiving poor service from police/victim services, high levels of insecurity etc. • Possibility for extension to EU25
Pilot Survey Roadmap • Launch CFT in February 2006 • Start survey early summer 2006 • Initial findings spring 2007 jo.goodey@eumc.eu.int