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The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table. A. Metals. Physical Properties: Hardness Shininess Malleability Ductility Chemical Properties: Reactivity; ease and speed the element combines or reacts with other elements. B. Families of Metals.

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The Periodic Table

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  1. The Periodic Table

  2. A. Metals • Physical Properties: • Hardness • Shininess • Malleability • Ductility Chemical Properties: Reactivity; ease and speed the element combines or reacts with other elements.

  3. B. Families of Metals • Alkali Metals (Group 1): So reactive that they are never found uncombined in nature. As pure elements they are soft and shiny. • Two most important: • Sodium • Potassium

  4. Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2): Not as reactive as group 1 but more reactive than most metals. a. Two most important: 1) Magnesium (combines with oxygen) 2) Calcium

  5. Transition Metals (Groups 3 through12) a. Not much difference between columns b. Fairly stable; react slowly or not at all

  6. C. Nonmetals & Metalloids 1. Nonmetals: The physical properties of nonmetals are opposite those of metals -Dull -Brittle -Not ductile • Most nonmetals form compounds except Group 18

  7. D. Families of Nonmetals 1.Carbon Family (Group 14) -All living things contain compounds that are made of long chains of carbon atoms 2. Nitrogen Family (Group 15) 3. Oxygen Family (Group 16) • Halogens (Group 17) - All of these elements are highly reactive and most are dangerous to humans 5. Noble Gases (Group 18) -Chemically very stable; do not ordinarily form compounds.

  8. E. Metalloids • Located on the border between the metals and the nonmetals • Have some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of nonmetals • The most common metalloid is silicon • The most useful property of the metalloids is their varying ability to conduct electricity. (Semiconductors)

  9. F. Periods/Rows = the # of energy levels • For Example: a) Row 1 has 1 energy level b) Row 2 has 2 energy levels c) Row 3 has 3 energy levels and so on.

  10. G. Number of Valence Electrons • The family # tells you how many valence electrons with the following exceptions: a) Transition Metals: The number of valence electrons varies. b) Groups 13 through 18: Drop the 10, they have 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, & 8 valence electrons respectively. The End

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