PHILOSOPHY PRINCIPLES ETHICS

1. PHILOSOPHYPRINCIPLES ETHICS

2. Philosophy - refers to the system of concepts, principles, and values that drive what it is

3. Concept –Stone (1986) • Guiding • Healing • Facilitating • Modifying • Restructuring • Developing • Influencing • communicating

4. Process concept • Individual is unique • People has dignity • Our experiences are different • Counseling is educational in nature • Helping is a process with own structure and systems • Helping relationship is important

5. RELATIONSHIP –PROBLEM AND EXPERTISE

6. Concept -conclusion • Achieving something • Human services –human as unit • Relationship of two „different‟ individual • Process –dynamic • Technique –assist in achieving goal

7. principles • NO PERSON MAY DECIDE FOR ANOTHER WHAT OCCUPATION HE SHOULD CHOOSE BUT IT IS POSSIBLE TO HELP HIM TO APPROACH THE PROBLEM THAT SHALL COME TO WISE CONCLUSION FOR HIMSELF (FRANK PARSON, 1909)

8. PRINCIPLES • … GUIDANCE DOES NOT MEAN THAT OLDER PEOPLE WILL IMPOSE IDEAS UPON CHILDREN; THE BUSINESS OF THE TEACHER IS RATHER TO PROVIDE THE ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH EACH CHILD WILL MAKE FOR HIMSELF THE SRIES OF CHOICES WHICH WILL DETERMINE HIS COURSE OF LIFE. BREWER (1918)

9. PRINCIPLES • DO NOT GIVE ADVICE (when doing counseling) … WHAT THE COUNSELEE NEEDS IS ABILITY TO HANDLE SITUATIONS, HIMSELF, NOT ADVICE TO FOLLOW (try not to give advise as necessary as possible) WATSON & SPENCE (1930)

10. COUNSELLING PRINCIPLES • Prosespendidikanterancangdanberterusan • Perkhidmatanuntuksemua (denganatautanpamasalah) • Keperluanbagiperkembanganpotensi • Bagimemahamidiridanorang lain(untukapa?)

11. Sambunganprinsip • Orientasi sekarang dan masa depan • Sedarkelemahanfokuskekuatan • Pengalamanmembentukindividu • Kesepadauan JERI • Berpanduankan etika (ada dokumen piawai)

12. Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia (1984) telah mengariskan prinsip-prinsip bimbingan dan kaunseling yang sesuai digunakan di Malaysia seperti berikut:- 1. Bimbingandankaunselingadalahprosespendidikan. Iajugamerupakanproses yang dirancangdanberterusan. 2. Bimbingandankaunselingadalahuntuksemuapenuntut. Setiappenuntutmempunyaipeluangbagimendapatpertolongantanpamengiralatarbelakangnyadantanpamengirakaum, agama ataukepercayaan. 3. Penuntutmempunyaihakuntukmendapatkanpertolonganapabilaperlu. 4. Bimbingandankaunselingadalahuntukmelayanikeperluan-keperluanpenuntutbagiperkembanganpotensi-potensidankebolehanya. 5. Bimbingandankaunselingadalahuntukmenolongpenuntutmemahamidirinyadanorang lain denganmendalam, menjelajahtujuan-tujuanhidupnyadanmenolongmemilihdanmerancanghidupnyadenganberkesan.

13. 6. Bimbingandankaunselingadalahberorientasikanmasadepandansekarang. 7. Bimbingandankaunselingmenolongindividumenyedarikelemahan-kelemahannyadanmemberifokuskepadakekuatan-kekuatannya, 8. Pembentukanindividudipengaruhiolehkeseluruhanpengalaman. 9. Bimbingandankaunselingadalahpengetahuandankesepaduanpsikofizikalpenuntut. Inibermaknakesepaduandiantaraperasaan, sikap, akaldanrohani. 10. Bimbingandankaunselinghendaklahdijalankanberdasarkanetikakaunseling yang baik. Mematuhietikaadalahuntuktujuanmemeliharakebajikansupayaiatidakdianiyaoleh yang menolongnya.

14. Code of ethics • This Code of Ethics expresses the ethical principles and values of the Counselling Association and serves as a guide to the professional conduct of all its members. • It also informs the public which they serve of the standards of ethical conduct for which members are to be responsible and accountable

15. Antarakepentinganetikakaunselingialah ; • Sebagaigarispanduantatalakukepadaahlidalammenjalankantugasnya agar sebarangkerumitanundang-undangdapatdijauhi. • Etikapentingsebagaiperlindungankepadaahlidaripadasebarangtindakan yang bolehmenyebabkankemarahanorangawam (public condemnation) • Memberiperlindungankepadaorangawamterutamakliendaripadasebarangtindakan yang tidakprofesionalolehahli yang bolehmenganggugugatkesejahteraanhidupnya.

16. Basic ethical guideline –Kitchener (1984) • Respect for autonomy • Non maleficience • Beneficence • Justice • fidelity

17. RESPECT FOR AUTONOMY • Respect for inherent freedom and dignity of each person • Free to make choice for themselves • A person without freedom is a person without dignity • A person is responsible for him or herself • Autonomy has limit –one’s action cannot interfere with the freedom of others and autonomy must be based on an understanding and meaning of implication of one’s choice

18. Nonmaleficence • Avoiding harm and preventable risks • Use techniques that will not harm client • Competency of helper • Client must not worse off than he or she began!

19. BENEFICENCE • Responsible to do good to client and society at large (potential client) • Limit of competency • Promote public welfare

20. JUSTICE • Obligation to act fairly • Recognize dignity of all people • Avoid bias in professional action • “Justice means treating equals equally and unequal unequally, in proportion to their inequality” (Kitchener, 1984) • Avoid prejudice of gender, race, religion, economic status

21. FIDELITY • Faithfulness to the promises made and to the truth • Loyalty –place client interest ahead of our own • Role of trust –as client is vulnerable

22. Code of Ethics -basis • Local values • Not a static document • Respect for dignity of a person • Based on right and opportunities • Responsibility for community • Integrity in relationship

23. KOD ETIKA -PERKAMA • Am • PenyelidikandanPenerbitan • PerhubunganKaunselor • Perundingan • KhidmatPersendirian • Latihan • PerkhidmatanPersonalia • PengukurandanPenilaian

24. RUJUKAN • http://myschoolnet.ppk.kpm.my/kaunseling/panduan/cover.htm • Bab 2: Bacaantambahan