1919-1939 Between the World Wars

1. 1919-1939Between the World Wars Self-guided video tour through history

2. DIRECTIONS • Today, you will be take a self-guided video tour of 1919-1939, the years between The Great War (later known as World War I) and World War II. Move at your own pace through each Breakout Room, in order. You are encouraged to read and respond to your classmates posts about the topic. Allow 45-60 minutes to complete the tour and record your responses in Word or text document or as audio. (Try using Audio Ace recorder for this—available on your Angel Home page). • Follow the directions in each Breakout Room, to learn and share your reaction to each topic. • Once you complete your tour, I will enter 100% credit for you for all of Unit 28 Between the Wars. (If you already have 100% credit, you will receive 25 extra credit points added to your Unit 28 Assignment score). • If you get stuck or have a question, call/text me and I will help you. (Contact info in the Instructor’s Bio box on our Course Home page).

3. Europe & America after WWI Intro: Video link: http://www.glencoe.com/video_library/index_with_mods.php?PROGRAM=9780078745256&VIDEO=4044&CHAPTER=24&MODE=2 OR http://www.screencast.com/t/Xc5yrwlY. DIRECTIONS: Click the video link above and view the short video. (You may need to click the Pause button on the screen to give it a minute to buffer and load). Then, respond in the Chat Box to each question below. (There are no right or wrong answers to these questions; there is only your personal thoughts, feelings, and response). If you had lived through the Great War (WWI), do you think you would have thought that disarmament was best, or that a strong military is best. Or, is a third alternative best? Explain your reasons. How about now? What do you think is best now? • The peace settlement at the end of World War I left many nations unhappy and border disputes simmering throughout Europe. The League of Nations proved a weak institution. Economic problems plagued France, Great Britain, and the German Weimar Republic. When Germany declared that it could not continue to pay reparations, France occupied Germany's Ruhr Valley as a source of reparations. The Dawes Plan reduced the burden of reparations and led to a period of prosperity and American investment in Europe. Democracy was widespread, and women in many European countries gained the right to vote. Source: (Source: Glencoe World History 2010, http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078799813/student_view0/unit5/chapter24/chapter_overviews.html)

4. The Great Depression Intro: Video link: http://www.screencast.com/t/KYhac9ah3 DIRECTIONS: Click the video link pasted by your teacher in the Chat Box, and view the short video. (You may need to click the Pause button on the screen to give it a minute to buffer and load). Then, respond in the Chat Box to each question below. (There are no right or wrong answers to these questions; there is only your personal thoughts, feelings, and response). How do you think your life would change if one or both of your parents lost their jobs? Before FDR’s New Deal, there was no such thing as welfare or unemployment benefits. Without these, what do you think you and your family would have to do for food, shelter, clothing, health care, and entertainment? • The prosperity ended with the economic collapse of 1929 and the Great Depression. European governments tried different approaches to ending the depression. With the Great Depression, many extremist parties gained political support. The new U.S. president, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, pursued a policy of active government intervention in the economy that came to be known as the New Deal. (Source: Glencoe World History 2010, http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078799813/student_view0/unit5/chapter24/chapter_overviews.html) Video Source: Holt World History 2008

5. Nationalism in the Middle East Intro: Webpage link: http://colonialwarfare18901975.devhub.com/blog/611176-secular-nationalisms-in-the-middle-east/ Secularism refers to a society or government which is NOT based on religious beliefs, as opposed to a theocratic society or government which is based on a single religion, such as Islam or Judaism. DIRECTIONS: Click the link pasted by your teacher in the Chat Box, and read the webpage (I was unsuccessful at finding a good video for this topic). Then, respond in the Chat Box to each question below. (There are no right or wrong answers to these questions; there is only your personal thoughts, feelings, and response). Today, Islamic Fundamentalism is a powerful force in Mideast politics. Where you suprised to learn that less than 100 years ago, that the overriding desire was for secular independence—not governments based on Islamic. Why or why not? If you were an Arab or Persian and the British or French had promised that your country would be independent from them—and then reneged on that promise,--how do you think you would feel about European powers such as the British and French? Explain your reasoning. • At the end of the war, the Ottoman Empire collapsed. Nationalist leaders established the independent states of Turkey, Iran, and Saudi Arabia. Britain and France withdrew their promised support for Arab nationalists and set up British mandates in Iraq, Palestine, and Jordan, and French mandates in Lebanon and Syria. Saudi Arabia had vast supplies of newly discovered oil and suddenly attracted Western oil companies that would bring the kingdom untold wealth. Palestine became a site of conflict beginning with the British Balfour Declaration during World War I, which supported Palestine as the site for a Jewish homeland. Tensions between Jews and Muslims worsened in the 1930s as Jewish immigrants fleeing Nazi persecution immigrated to the Palestine mandate. (Source: Glencoe World History 2010, http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078799813/student_view0/unit5/chapter25/chapter_overviews.html) Source:

6. Nationalism in Africa and Asia after WWI Intro: Video link: http://www.glencoe.com/video_library/index_with_mods.php?PROGRAM=9780078745256&VIDEO=4049&CHAPTER=25 DIRECTIONS: Click the video link pasted by your teacher in the Chat Box, and view the short video. (You may need to click the Pause button on the screen to give it a minute to buffer and load). Then, respond in the Chat Box to each question below. (There are no right or wrong answers to these questions; there is only your personal thoughts, feelings, and response). If you had lived in British India, how do you think you would have felt about the British after the Amritsar Massacre? Why do you think Jawaharlal Nehru stopped wearing British-tailored clothes after the Amritsar Massacre? • After World War I, Germany lost its African colonies to Britain and France. Violent suppression and the slow pace of reform in the colonies led many Africans to agitate for independence. Two African Americans, W.E.B. Du Bois and Marcus Garvey, were influential in building African cultural awareness and Pan-Africanism. Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya and Leopold Senghor of Senegal worked to end colonial rule. The Communist International helped build Communist parties in China and Southeast Asia. Mohandas Gandhi built a large movement for Indian independence through nonviolence. Indian Muslims threatened by the largely Hindu Indian National Congress called for a separate Muslim state. Rapid industrialization in Japan led to support for territorial expansion to improve Japan's access to raw materials and markets. After a period of pacifism prompted in part by pressure from the United States, Japan conquered Manchuria, and the military took control of the government. (Source: Glencoe World History 2010, http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078799813/student_view0/unit5/chapter25/chapter_overviews.html)

7. Revolutionary Chaos in China after WWI Intro: Video link: http://www.glencoe.com/video_library/index_with_mods.php?PROGRAM=9780078745256&VIDEO=4050&CHAPTER=25 DIRECTIONS: Click the video link pasted by your teacher in the Chat Box, and view the short video. (You may need to click the Pause button on the screen to give it a minute to buffer and load). Then, respond in the Chat Box to each question below. (There are no right or wrong answers to these questions; there is only your personal thoughts, feelings, and response). If you were a poor Chinese peasant during this time, who do you think you would have looked to for hope for a better life: the ruling, privileged Chinese who encouraged foreign investors who often exploited Chinese factory workers—or the Communists who promised that everyone would share equally in the country’s prosperity? What is your understanding of what Communism is, exactly? • As central authority collapsed in China, rival Nationalist and Communist Party forces briefly joined ranks to drive imperial powers out of China. The two groups split after a Nationalist massacre of Communists in Shanghai. The Nationalists, led by Chiang Kai-shek, founded a new Chinese republic in 1928. The Communists, led by Mao Zedong, went into hiding and by 1931 most party leaders were forced to flee Shanghai for southern China. Mao's plans were for a revolution led by peasants. In 1933 Mao's forces used guerrilla tactics against Nationalist forces. They then began the Long March to the last surviving Communist base; at the end only one-tenth of his troops remained. Chiang had plans for land reform and a Western-style constitutional government. To make Western ideas palatable, he blended them with Confucian themes. Although he did achieve some meaningful reforms, Chiang's support came mainly from the rural gentry and the urban middle class; his reforms did little to redistribute wealth. His government was also repressive. (Source: Glencoe World History 2010, http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078799813/student_view0/unit5/chapter25/chapter_overviews.html)

8. Rise of Totalitarian Dictatorshipsin Italy, the Soviet Union, and Spain Intro: Video link: http://www.glencoe.com/video_library/index_with_mods.php?PROGRAM=9780078745256&VIDEO=4045&CHAPTER=24 DIRECTIONS: Click the video link pasted by your teacher in the Chat Box, and view the short video. (You may need to click the Pause button on the screen to give it a minute to buffer and load). Then, respond in the Chat Box to each question below. (There are no right or wrong answers to these questions; there is only your personal thoughts, feelings, and response). How do you think that Russia might have been different if Lenin had been successful ensuring that Stalin had NOT become the leader of Communist Russia? The Soviet Union, led by Stalinist Russia, later became the United States greatest enemy during the Cold War (after World War II). For decades the world lived with the threat of a nuclear World War III. Do you think this would have been the case without Stalin? Why or why not? • By 1939 most European democracies had collapsed. Only France and Great Britain remained democratic. Benito Mussolini began his political career as a Socialist, but he abandoned socialism for fascism, which glorified the state and justified the suppression of all political dissent. In Italy, Mussolini outlawed most political opposition and controlled the mass media, but never achieved complete totalitarian control. After the Russian civil war, Lenin restored capitalist practices in his New Economic Policy, which prevented economic and political collapse. After Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin emerged as the most powerful Communist figure. Stalin sidelined the Bolsheviks of the revolutionary era and established totalitarian rule. His program of rapid industrialization and collectivization of agriculture forced horrendous sacrifices on the population. His political purges caused millions to be arrested, imprisoned, and executed. Elsewhere in Eastern Europe and in Francisco Franco's Spain, authoritarian regimes were mainly concerned with preserving the existing social order. (Source: Glencoe World History 2010, http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078799813/student_view0/unit5/chapter24/chapter_overviews.html)

9. Hitler and Nazi Germany Intro: Video link: http://www.glencoe.com/video_library/index_with_mods.php?PROGRAM=9780078745256&VIDEO=4046&CHAPTER=24 DIRECTIONS: Click the video link pasted by your teacher in the Chat Box, and view the short video. (You may need to click the Pause button on the screen to give it a minute to buffer and load). Then, respond in the Chat Box to each question below. (There are no right or wrong answers to these questions; there is only your personal thoughts, feelings, and response). If you could wave a magic wand and be surrounded only by people who agree with you about how the country should be run, would you do it? Why or why not? Why do you think some Germans wanted Hitler to be their leader? Why do you think other Germans saw him as a threat? • At the end of World War I, Adolf Hitler joined a small right-wing extremist party in Munich and eventually became its leader. Hitler staged an uprising against the government in Munich, the Beer Hall Putsch, which failed. In prison, he wrote Mein Kampf—an account of his movement and his views. Out of prison, he expanded the Nazi party in Germany. As democracy broke down, right-wing elites looked to Hitler for leadership. In 1933 Hitler became chancellor. Amid constant chaos and conflict, Hitler used terror and repression to gain totalitarian control. Meanwhile, a massive rearmament program put Germans back to work. Mass demonstrations and spectacles rallied Germans around Hitler's policies. All major institutions were brought under Nazi control. Women's primary role was to bear Aryan children. Hitler's Nuremberg Laws established official persecution of Jews. A more violent anti-Semitic phase began in 1938 with the Kristallnacht. Increasingly drastic steps barred Jews from attending school, earning a living, or engaging in Nazi society. Jews were also encouraged to emigrate. (Source: Glencoe World History 2010, http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078799813/student_view0/unit5/chapter24/chapter_overviews.html)

10. Wrap-Up You now have a better understanding of what the world was like on the eve of World War II, which you’ll learn about in the next unit. • DIRECTIONS: In the Chat Box, give your feedback to your teacher by responding to each of the following questions. (Press enter after each of your three responses). Then return yourself to the Main Room to say goodbye to your teacher. • What did you like about this lesson? • What do you think would improve this lesson?

11. About this Lesson • This lesson designed by Ms. Morgan MacDonald, History Teacher, Insight School of Washington, based primarily onGlencoe World History 2010 Media Library and Teacher Center, available at: http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078799813/