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1919 - 1939

1919 - 1939. Compare the two maps of Europe. What changes do you see in the 1919 map?. 1914 Europe. 1919 Europe. After WW I things were “GOOD”. It was the Roaring 20’s (5:32). US didn’t join the league Senate refused to ratify it.

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1919 - 1939

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  1. 1919 - 1939

  2. Compare the two maps of Europe. What changes do you see in the 1919 map? 1914 Europe 1919 Europe

  3. After WW I things were “GOOD” It was the Roaring 20’s (5:32)

  4. US didn’t join the league Senate refused to ratify it League members couldn’t agree to use force to stop aggression The League of Nations was one of Pres. Wilson’s 14 points. Why was the League of Nations unsuccessful?

  5. What option did the League of Nations have to maintain peace? (think $) • Could only use economic sanctions to stop aggression According to the League what should nations reduce in order to prevent future wars? • Nations should reduce their military

  6. How did the French react when Germany claimed it couldn’t make its annual payments? • Sent troops to occupy the Ruhr Valley • Would collect payments by running the mines & factories How did the Germans react? • Strikes • Printed up more $$$ to pay the workers

  7. Hyperinflation • 1914 • 4.2 marks = 1 US dollar • 1 Nov 1923 • 130 billion marks = 1 US dollar • By the end of Nov 1923 • 4.2 trillion marks = 1 US dollar

  8. Money in Germany became worthless!

  9. How do they get out of this jam? • The Dawes Plan • Reduce reparations • matched Germany’s annual payments with their ability to pay • 200 million loan for Germany recovery • Opened door for American investment • Europe prospered for awhile (1924 – 29)

  10. How did they keep the peace? • Treaty of Locarno (1925) • Guaranteed Germany’s western borders • Germany joined the “League” (1926) • Spirit of cooperation • Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) • 63 nations pledge – “to renounce war as an instrument of national policy”

  11. Then the Depression hit.What was The Great Depression?

  12. The Great Depression was a period of worldwide economic depression that lasted from 1929 until approximately 1939.

  13. Credit Expands • People bought goods they couldn’t afford on credit • Q: What will happen if people suddenly lose their jobs after paying for things with Credit? What is the Stock Market? (1:58) What is buying on margin? (2:10)

  14. Reparations • German industry gone after WWI • Q: Why would reparations destroy the German economy? • Q: Where will Europe need to buy products from if they can’t buy from Germany? • A: America

  15. American industry toodominant • Europe too dependent on US • Q: What will happen to Europe if the American economy falls apart? • A: Failed loans. • In the panic US investors withdrew more money from Germany & Europe. • Thus weakening Europe’s banks.

  16. Stock Market Crash,1929 (29 OCT) • Q: What will happen to Europe now that the US economy is collapsing? Why? $ 30 billion lost in two days

  17. CRASH ! The Great Depression (1min)

  18. Led to Bank Runs Occurred when a large number of bank customers withdraw their deposits because they believe the bank is, or might become, insolvent (broke). • Bank deposits were uninsured and thus as banks failed people simply lost their savings. • Surviving banks, unsure of the economic situation and concerned for their own survival, stopped being as willing to create new loans. • This worsened the situation leading to less and less spending.

  19. Led to a Reduction in Purchasing Across the Board With the stock market crash and the fears of further economic woes, individuals from all classes stopped purchasing items. • Which led to: • A reduction in production • A reduction of workers (Loss of jobs) • Inability to pay for items they had bought through installment plans • Led to repossession • More and more inventory began to accumulate • Unemployment rate rose above 25% • which meant, even less spending

  20. High Protective Tariffs • Tariff = Tax on imported goods • Hard for countries to trade with each other • The most protectionist legislation in history, the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930 raised tariffs on U.S. imports up to 50%.

  21. Effects Effects of the Great Depression (2:30)

  22. Drought Conditions

  23. The Dust Bowl Woody Guthrie is perhaps one of the most famous American songwriters and singers of all time. His folk songs include This Land Is Your Land and Bound For Glory. Born in Oklahoma in 1912, Guthrie's song are preserved in the Library of Congress. Dustbowl disaster (4:46)

  24. The Dust Bowl– The Dirty Thirties -

  25. The Dust Bowl– The Dirty Thirties -

  26. The Dust Bowl– The Dirty Thirties -

  27. Do dust storms still happen here in the America?

  28. What was Roosevelt’s plan? • The New Deal • Public works • Welfare • SS Didn’t solve the problem. WW II does!

  29. What were some of the effects of the Great Depression? • People became desperate • Renewed interest in Marxism • Little confidence in their government • Paved the way for extremist political parties

  30. The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes • By 1939 only two major European countries were still democratic • France • Great Britain

  31. Why did Dictatorial Regimes Arise? • Inflation Fear of Workers strikes Socialist Severe economic problems after WW I

  32. Totalitarian • a form of govt. in which the political authority exercises absolute and centralized control over all aspects of life • the individual is subordinated to the state • opposing political and cultural expressions are suppressed

  33. The Rise of Nationalism in Europe...(8:30)

  34. Benito Mussolini – Italy • 1922 • Fascist Party • Secret Police, Imprisonment, Outlawing other parties, Propaganda, Censorship (press) “IL DUCE”

  35. New Era in the Soviet Union • Between 1920 – 22 Russia was near an economic disaster (agriculturally & industrially) • Lenin instituted a new economic policy (NEP) (modified capitalism) • 1922 Russia became the USSR • Union of Soviet Socialist Republics • NEP saved Russia

  36. Rise of Stalin • Lenin died in 1924 • Politburo was divided over country’s future Leon Trotsky – end the NEP, rapidly industrialize, spread communism Joseph Stalin – continue NEP, rejected worldwide communism, focus on Russia, rapid industrialization would hurt the living standards of the peasants

  37. Joseph Stalin – USSR • By 1928 • Communist Party • Purges • Prison camps • Secret Police • State-run press • Forced labor camps • Executions • 5 Year Plans – economic plans “Man of Steel”

  38. Adolf Hitler – Germany • 1933 • NSDAP (Nazi) • SS police force, propaganda, State-run press, Terror, Repression, Racial laws, Concentration & death camps

  39. What is the difference? • Communism – far Left (ultra Liberal) • Government controlled everything • No private ownership of industry! • Fascism – far right (ultra conservative) • Racism • Uniforms (military) • Nationalism

  40. 10 Things You Don't Know About – ''Adolf Hitler'‘ (21:59)

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