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Ductless Heat Pumps in Residential Applications Proposed Research Plan

Ductless Heat Pumps in Residential Applications Proposed Research Plan. Introduction. Small multi or variable speed compressor .75 to 3 tons Small footprint for outdoor compressor Small variable speed indoor air handler Wall or ceiling mounted, by zone

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Ductless Heat Pumps in Residential Applications Proposed Research Plan

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  1. Ductless Heat Pumps in Residential Applications Proposed Research Plan

  2. Introduction • Small multi or variable speed compressor • .75 to 3 tons • Small footprint for outdoor compressor • Small variable speed indoor air handler • Wall or ceiling mounted, by zone • Very low power fan and fan motor, no duct • Up to three single zone fans with larger capacity equipment • Refrigerant lines connect compressor to individual air handlers • Individual controls allow quick temperature adjustment, generally with remote device • Variable speed allows unit to control temperature of output and adapt to unfavorable climate conditions

  3. Performance • 2006 Federal Standards require that this equipment meet a HSPF rating of 7.4 • With variable speed fans SEER ratings are very high • Largely the result of low speed fan operation for dehumidification • Not closely related to HSPF • One to three single zone air handlers

  4. Performance Ratings and Retail Price Summary: Single Zone Systems

  5. Performance Ratings and Retail Price Summary: Three Zone Systems

  6. Ductless Heat Pump Performance in Existing Homes Study 1 Objectives: • Evaluate performance details for the DHP installation in situ • Provide direct measure of capacity and COP in Northwest Climates. • Evaluate installation specifications and potential needs for commissioning for DHP control and interaction with existing zonal system • Assess the performance and energy savings for DHPs and assess predicted savings analysis from manufacturer’s data.

  7. Sample • Sample size would be about 6 units in similar climates to the other studies (Heating Zones 1 & 2). • Participants would be selected based on accessibility and willingness to accommodate one year data collection protocol • Target would be 2 homes per locality. • Focus on a typical DHP installation may have more than one zone. • Limit the DHPs to the HSPF rating above 7.7 with inverter driven compressor, air handlers. • Provide control specification and instruction for use of back-up electric zonal heat

  8. Monitoring Overview • Characterize energy use prior to installation (Utility bills, weather-normalized) • Limit program participation to customers with electric zonal heat. • Screen for wood heat and intermittent occupancy. • Install metering package that allows sub metering of DHW, DHP, electric zonal heat, and total energy. Integrated at hourly or daily level. • “Quad-metering” • Install metering on low voltage control circuits and other components of the DHP • Assess speed control of compressor and air handler(s). • Indoor and outdoor temperature integrated at the same level

  9. Monitoring Details • True power needed (inverter technology) • Temp control upstream of DHP • 24 VAC control of zonal electric heat before/after should be considered • Estimation of COP would require experiments to measure system airflow. • One time measurements at installation • Review of installation and maintenance literature. • About 16 channels of data should be sufficient.

  10. Site Data Collection • Cost information • Equipment costs • Installation costs • Equipment Specifications • Manufacturer, Model • Capacity • HSPF, SEER ratings • Home characteristics • Size • Heating system size, distribution, settings • Major appliance specs (including DHW) • Weatherization measures • DHP control sequence • Startup routine • Low ambient performance

  11. Analysis • Develop detailed assessment of COP and dependence on temperature, installation, and operator controls • Review relative contribution of DHP and electric resistance zonal • Estimate net cooling contribution • Develop savings based on metered results and compare to gross savings analysis from total billing analysis.

  12. Timeline • Install equipment early 2008 • Collect data from winter 2008 through winter 2009. • Evaluate data and summarize results, Spring 2009

  13. Budgets • Incentives: • Target: 50% of installed costs ~($2000/unit) • Total budget: $15,000 • Monitoring: • Instruments: $2500/home • Installation and home review: $3000/home • Total Monitoring: $35,000 • Data collection: • $30,000 • Analysis and report: • $50,000 • Total Budget, including detailed DHP monitoring: $130,000 • Research Budget - $115,000

  14. Ductless Heat Pump Performance in Existing Homes Study 2 Objectives: • Establish applicability to existing zonal electric homes • Develop costs and specifications for use in applying DHPs to existing homes • Establish installation specifications for DHP control and interaction with existing zonal system • Assess the performance and energy savings for DHPs including

  15. Sample • Sample size would be determine to meet a 90% confidence interval. • Participants would be stratified by each of four localities (utilities) • Target sample size would be 25-40 homes per locality (100 to 160 total sample size) • Assumes savings CV of about 0.3 to 0.4. • Assumes small climate variation in each locality • Locations: Heating Zones 1 & 2

  16. Monitoring • Develop energy use prior to installation (Utility bills, weather normalized) • Limit program participation to customers with electric zonal heat. • Screen for wood heat and intermittent occupancy. • Install metering package that allows sub metering of DHW, DHP, Electric zonal heat, and total energy. Integrated at hourly or daily level. • “Quad-metering” • Indoor and outdoor temperature integrated at the same level

  17. Data Collection • Collect actual cost information • Equipment costs, • Installation costs • Equipment Specifications • Manufacture, Model • Capacity • HSPF, SEER ratings • Home characteristics • Size • Heating system size, distribution, settings • Equipment specs • Weatherization measures • DHP setup control sequence

  18. Analysis • Develop savings estimates from billing analysis comparison before and after installation • Review relative contribution of DHP and Electric zonal • Estimate net cooling offset (from metering) • Develop savings based on metered results and compare to gross savings analysis from total billing analysis.

  19. Budgets • Incentives: • Target: 50% of installed costs ~($1200/unit) • Total budget: $140,000 • Monitoring: • Instruments: $1300/home • Installation and home review: $1200/home • Total Monitoring: $300,000 • Data collection: • $60,000 • Analysis and report: • $60,000 • Total Budget, Retrofit DHP measure: $560,000 • Research Budget- $420,000

  20. Ductless Heat Pump Performance in New Residential ConstructionStudy 3 Objectives • Establish applicability for heating and cooling new single family homes. • Develop costs and specifications for use in applying DHPs to new homes • Establish installation specifications for DHP control and interaction with supplemental zonal system or other back-up heating • Assess the performance and energy savings for DHPs including supplemental space heat and cooling requirements (offsets).

  21. Sample • Sample size would be determine to meet a 90% confidence interval with a modest CV (~.25) • Recruitment should focus on 15-20 (100) homes in six climate zones (Ht. Zone 1/Cool Z1-Z3 & Ht. Zone 2/Cool Z1-3) • Energy Star envelope with “Hybrid TCO” • Townhouses and smaller single family homes (~2000 sf)

  22. Monitoring • Install metering package that allows sub metering of DHW, DHP, Electric zonal heat, and total energy. Integrated at hourly or daily level. • “Quad-metering” • Indoor and outdoor temperature integrated at the same level • Track unusual occupant events (e.g. vacation, extra occupants, change of occupants)

  23. Data Collection • Collect actual cost information • Equipment costs, • Installation costs • Equipment Specifications • Manufacture, Model • Capacity • HSPF, SEER ratings • Temperature and capacity curves • Home characteristics • Size • Heating system size, distribution, settings • Equipment specs (DHW, Appliances, etc) • DHP control sequence

  24. Analysis • Develop savings estimates from billing analysis comparison before and after installation • Review relative contribution of DHP and Electric zonal • Estimate net cooling offset (from metering) • Develop savings based on metered results and compare to gross savings analysis from total billing analysis. • Assess performance relative to modeled estimates using SEEM.

  25. Budgets • Incentives: • Target 50% of installation costs ~($2500/unit) • $125,000 • Monitoring: • Quad-metering, $1300/unit • Installation (with home review), $1200/unit • 100 units, $250,000 • Data collection: • $40,000 • Analysis & report • $60,000 • Total Budget, New construction: $575,000 • Research Budget - $350,000

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