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Integument b

Integument b. Chapter 4. sensory. Dermis. Tough supportive ct matrix Vascular Varies in thickness Eyelids- 0.6 mm Back, palms, soles 3.0 mm + Houses accessory structures 70% collagen, loose array elastic 2 components Papillary region Reticular region. Papillary vs Reticular Layers.

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Integument b

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  1. Integument b Chapter 4

  2. sensory

  3. Dermis • Tough supportive ct matrix • Vascular • Varies in thickness • Eyelids- 0.6 mm • Back, palms, soles 3.0 mm + • Houses accessory structures • 70% collagen, loose array elastic • 2 components • Papillary region • Reticular region

  4. Papillary vs Reticular Layers

  5. Papillary Region • Loose connective- areolar • Dermal papillae • Papilla (cone) • CT projections into epidermis • Increase vascularization & nervous supply • Papillary plexus • Cutaneous nerves • Push epithelia into surface ridges • Create epidermal ridges

  6. Dermal Papillae

  7. Papillary Plexus Blood vessels extend up into dermal papilla

  8. Epidermal Ridges

  9. Reticular Region • Dense irregular connective tissue • Strong tensile support • Support accessory structures • No distinct separation between papillary & reticular region

  10. Dense Irregular CT

  11. Accessory Structures

  12. Accessory Structures • Embedded &/or supported in dermis • Most in close association or derived from epithelial tissue • Ex Hair, nails, glands • NOT all ex. Blood & muscles • Contribute the nervous & muscular tissue components of the integument

  13. Sensory

  14. Nervous Supply • Nerve types • Merkel cells • Pacinian corpuscle • Meissner’s corpuscle • General • Thermoreceptors- dermis, hot & cold • Free nerve ending- pain, dermis • Root hair plexus- hair follicle • Varied distribution • Face, hands, genitalia

  15. Merkel cells End in epidermis Pain, itch, temperature Found in higher concentrations in glabrous skin Merkel Nerves

  16. Pacinian corpuscle End in dermis- reticular region Intense Pressure & vibration Pacinian Corpuscle

  17. Pacinian Corpuscle

  18. Pacinian Corpuscle

  19. Meissner’s corpuscle Dermal papillae Lt pressure &Touch Hands & feet Meissner’s Corpuscle

  20. Nervous Supply • Autonomic nerves are “automatic” • Supply vessels, sweat glands, arrector pilli Root hair plexus nerves make hairs sensitive to touch

  21. Glands • Exocrine • Open to surface • Sebaceous • Assoc with hair • Sweat (Sudoriforus) • Independent of hair • Ceruminous • Varied distribution & activation

  22. Sebaceous Glands • Secrete sebum into hair shaft • Oil glands secrete sebum • Holocrine secretion • Close association with hair follicles • Lubricates, conditions, inhibits bacteria • Enlarge during puberty • Androgen hormones stimulate • Varied distribution • Face, scalp, chest, back • None on glabrous skin

  23. Sebaceous Glands Look like eyeballs!

  24. Sebum

  25. Sebum coats and protects hair

  26. Sweat Glands • Watery secretion • 99% • Thermoregulation, communication • Coiled tubular glands • Dermis • Merocrine secretion • Two types • Eccrine (Merocrine) • Apocrine

  27. Eccrine Sweat Glands • AKA merocrine • 2.5 million • Thermal control • Varied distribution • Axillae, palms, soles, throughout skin • Thermal & psychological control • Open to surface of skin • Watery secretion solution of water & ions

  28. Eccrine Gland

  29. Apocrine • Open into hair follicle • Merocrine secretion mode • Milky fluid • Larger • Sexual scent gland derived • Symbiotic bacteria • Varied distribution • Axillae, perineum (anogenital), areolae

  30. Ceruminous Glands • Cerumin • Thick waxy substance • Protective • Apocrine mechanism of secretion

  31. Hair • Hair cells • invagination of epidermis • Highly keratinized compacted kertatinocytes • Papilla in dermis • Blood vessels & nerves • Hair types • Lanugo- baby • Vellus- peach fuzz • Terminal- pigmented • Function in Communication, sensory, insulation, protection • Varies in distribution • High concentration in facial area • Absent in glabrous skin

  32. Invagination of Epithelium

  33. Thermoregulation

  34. Protection

  35. Sensory

  36. Hair Structure • Follicle • Epidermis sheath into dermis • houses hair • Bulb • Base of follicle • Contains the germinative layer • Hair papillae • Projection into bulb • Supplies blood & nervous • Root • Immature living hair • Not completely keratinized • ~1/2 length of follicle • Shaft • Mature exposed part of hair

  37. Hair Follicle & Shaft

  38. Hair Root

  39. Hair Bulb Hair papilla

  40. Arrector Pili Muscle

  41. Arrector Pili Muscle

  42. Nails • Hardened, densely packed keratin • Protects finger tips • Facilitates grasping & tactile sensitivity • Nail plate 0.1 mm/ day

  43. Hypodermis • Aka Sub-cutaneous layer, Superficial fascia, Sub-Q • NOT a part of the integument system • Structure- • Areolar connective tissue & Adipose tissue • Interwoven fibers with surrounding tissue layers • Firm attachment while still flexible • Vary in thickness- 3cm + abdomen • Blood supply to dermis • Cutaneous plexus • Function- • Attachment of CM • Insulation • Padding

  44. Hypodermis

  45. Hypodermis

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