Review – Test I

1. Review – Test I

2. Africa and Asia • Mali • SundiataKieta • Mansa Musa • The Mongols • Temujin • Genghis Kahn • Conquests • Ogedei • Conquests • Vienna • Silk Road • Division of the Mongol Empire • Golden Horde • Longest Lasting • Il-Khans • Battle of AinJalut • Yuan Dynasty • Kublai Khan • Marco Polo • Invasion of Japan • Kamikaze

3. Americas • Aztecs • Mexica • Tenochtitlan • Chinampas • Alliance-Empire • Calpulli • Human Sacrifice • Incas • Cuzco • Quechua • Pachacuti • Ayllu • Machu Picchu • Inti – Sun god

4. France, England, and the Church • Phillip IV “The Fair” • Estates-General • Unam Sanctum • Assault on the Pope • The Avignon Papacy • Avignon, France • “The Babylonian Captivity” • 1309-1376 • Edward I “Longshanks” • Wales & Scotland • William Wallace • Robert the Bruce • Parliament – 1295 • House of Lords • House of Commons • Treaty of Paris • 1259, 1303 • Gascony & Aquitaine • Edward II of England • Isabella of France

5. The Hundred Years War • Edward III of England • Phillip VI of France • Edwardian War • 1337–1360 • Caroline War • 1369–1389 • Lancastrian War • 1415–1453 • Battle of Crecy - 1346 • English Longbow • Battle of Poitiers - 1356 • Ransom French King • Battle of Agincourt • Henry V • Turning Points: • Battle of Orléans • Joan of Arc • Charles Crowned King • End of the Hundred Years War - 1453 • Legacy - • Cannon • Parliament Statue of 1341 • French National Identity

6. Famine and the Black Death • Little Ice Age • Circa 1300-1450 • The Great Famine • 1315-1322 • The Black Death • Bubonic Plague • bacillus Yersinia pestis • Origin • China • Genoese trading ships to Europe • Consequences • Inflation • Higher standard of living • Asceticism • Universities

7. The Great Schism - Fall of Constantinople • Urban VI – Roman Pope • Clement VII – Avignon Pope • Calls for Reform • Lollards - John Wycliffe • Hussites - Jan Huss • Conciliarism • Council of Pisa • 1409-1410 • Council of Constance • 1414-1417 • Martin V • Jan Huss • Ottoman Turks • Expansion • Tamerlane • “Timur the lame” • Sultan Mehmed II • Fall of Constantinople • May 1453

8. Renaissance • Precursors • Dante • Divine Comedy • Classicism • Humanism • Petrarch • Father of Humanism • Classical & Christian • Renaissance Art • Linear Perspective • Chiaroscuro • Giotto • The Father of Renaissance Art • Leonardo da Vinci • “Universal Competence” • Mona Lisa & The Last Supper • Raphael • Madonnas • School of Athens • Michelangelo • David • Sistine Chapel

9. Northern Renaissance - Early Modern Europe • Christian-Northern Humanists • Erasmus • Most Prominent • “Philosophy of Christ” • Thomas More • Utopia • The Printing Press • Johann Gutenberg • Movable Type • France • Charles VII • Standing Army • England • War of the Roses • York (white rose) • Lancaster (red rose • Holy Roman Empire • House of Hapsburg • Frederick III • Maximilian I

10. Early Modern Europe • Russia • Ivan III the Great • Rebellion against Mongols • Moscow - “The Third Rome” • Ivan IV “Grozny” • Ivan the Terrible • Tsar (Czar) • “Time of Troubles • Italian City States • Republic of Venice • Republic of Milan • Republic of Florence • Medici Family • Ciompi Revolt • The Papal States • Naples/Sicily • Controlled by Aragon

11. Iberian States, Africa, & Exploration • Portugal • Treaty of Windsor - 1386 • Caravel • Prince Henry the Navigator • Bartholomew Diaz • Vasco de Gama • Pedro Álvares Cabral - Brazil • West Africa • Mali • Songhay (Songhai) • Sunni Ali • Trade: • Gold • Salt • Slaves • Amerigo Vespucci • Mundus Novus • Castile + Aragon = Spain • Ferdinand & Isabella • “The Catholic Monarchs” • Navarre & Granada • Inquisition • Marital Alliances • Charles I of Spain • Christopher Columbus • San Salvador • The Treaty of Tordesillas • Spain, Portugal, and Church

12. Italy, The Church & the French Invasions • Niccolo Machiavelli • The Prince • Ends justify the means • The Borgias • Pope Alexander VI • Most Corrupt Pope • Cesare Borgia • Pope Julius II • “Warrior Pope” • Hapsburg-Valois Wars • Concordant of Bologna • Pope Leo X (Medici) • Francis I of France • French Government controls French Clergy

13. Empire of Charles V • Charles I of Spain = Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor • Conquistadores • “God, Glory, & Gold” • Hernán Cortés - 1519 • Aztecs • New Spain (Mexico) • Circumnavigation • Ferdinand Magellan • Juan SebastiánElcano • Francisco Pizzaro - 1531 • Inca • Insurrections • Disease • Catholic Missionaries • Bartolome de Las Casas • Labor Servitude • Encomienda • Legal grant of the right to the labor of a specific number of Indians for a specific amount of time. • Repartimiento • All adult male natives to devote a certain number of working days to Spanish economic enterprises

14. Protestant Reformation • German Reformation • Martin Luther • “Justification by Faith” • John Tetzel • Indulgences • Luther's Ninety-Five Theses • Diet of Worms • Edict of Worms • Diet of Speyer (1526 & 1529) • Local Princes • “Protestant” • Swiss Reformation • Ulrich Zwingli • Literal scriptural support • Anabaptists • The Marburg Colloquy • Landgrave Phillip of Hesse • Luther and Zwingli • Swiss Civil War • Battle of Kappel

15. Protestant Reformation • English Reformation • Henry VIII • Catherine of Aragon • Anne Boleyn • The Act of Supremacy • Calvinism • John Calvin • Institutes of the Christian Faith • Calvin’s Beliefs • Total Depravity • The Elect • Predestination • The Society of Jesus • Jesuits • Ignatius of Loyola • “Soldiers for Christ” • Diet of Augsburg • Peace of Augsburg • Council of Trent • Catholic Counter-Reformation