Environmental Impact Assessment of Carbon Capture, Transport & Storage in the Netherlands –

1. Environmental Impact Assessment of Carbon Capture, Transport & Storage in the Netherlands – Joris Koornneef Andre Faaij Wim Turkenburg

2. Content • Introduction • The EIA procedure • Environmental Impacts • Summary • Questions and discussion Introduction Procedure Environmental impacts Summary

3. Drachten K-12 B De Lier Capture ready Oil fields Gas fields Introduction Projects in NL in scoping/planning phase • Power plants capture ready, Rotterdam • ZEPP, Drachten • Storage, de Lier • Generic EIA report • Large CCS projects very likely require EIA • Need for clarity • Market • Authorities

4. Introduction Procedure Environmental impacts Summary Problems Detailed framework for EIA of CCS in Netherlands does not exist • Consequences of EIA legislation for CCS uncertain • To be assessed environmental impacts not yet defined • Uncertainty about the magnitude of possible impacts

5. Introduction Procedure Environmental impacts Summary Goal Identify/suggest a structure for the Environmental Impact Assessment procedure for CCS projects in the Netherlands First research steps in this presentation: • What is new regarding existing EIA procedures? • Procedure • Impacts • Identify issues and bottlenecks

6. Introduction Procedure Environmental impacts Summary Approach Completed and ongoing onshore EIA’s in the Netherlands: • Power generation • Transport pipelines for natural gas • Onshore natural gas storage • Expert interviews • Commission for EIA • Industry

7. Introduction Procedure Environmental impacts Summary The EIA procedure

8. Introduction Procedure Environmental impacts Summary Initiator Competent Authority Third parties Key elements Inception note Notification Participation/ advice Time (1-3 years) Advise on guidelines Commission EIA • EU Directives • Dutch Environmental management act Procedural tool to: • Include Environment in decision making process • Obtain environmental permit • Enable Public participation  perception • Produce Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) Deliberation Guidelines EIS Drafting EIS Submission EIS Notification report Review/ participation/ advice Commission EIA advises competent authority Decision Objections Issue of permit

9. EIA obligation = obligated

10. Introduction Procedure Environmental impacts Summary Discussion EIA procedure • EIA obligation • EIA obligated activities? YES • One installation/activity or three? ONE • Extensive procedure: • Various stakeholders (initiator, authorities, public, NGO...) • Can be time consuming (1-3 years) Early planning needed!

11. Introduction Procedure Environmental impacts Summary Environmental impactsin Environmental Impact Statement

12. Introduction Procedure Environmental impacts Summary Impacts EIA directive: “the direct and indirect effects of a project on the following factors: human beings, fauna and flora; soil, water, air, climate and the landscape; material assets and the cultural heritage; the interaction between the factors” In Environmental Impact Statement • Scope (Design, Location and Plans) • Possible impacts • Define and Compare alternatives • Most environmental friendly alternative • Gaps in knowledge

13. Introduction Procedure Environmental impacts Summary Discussion -environmental impacts- 1/2 • Power plants: • Most impacts quantified • Methods available • Focus on impacts due to/affected by capture process  BREF “capture” does not exist yet • Pipelines: • Most impacts Qualitatively assessed • Risk assessment pipelines under investigation • Focus on design considerations (e.g. pressure)

14. Introduction Procedure Environmental impacts Summary Discussion -environmental impacts- 2/2 • Storage: • ‘Above’ ground impacts from UGS analogues • Risk assessment storage developing • High uncertainty  emphasis on monitoring & risk mitigation options • Knowledge gaps acceptable for permit uncertain

15. Introduction Procedure Environmental impacts Summary Summary

16. Introduction Procedure Environmental impacts Summary Summary • EIA obligated  extensive procedure • Scope of the EIA might arise complications • Power plant  BREF unavailable • Pipeline  design considerations and risk analysis • Storage  risk analysis – uncertainty – monitoring & mitigation

17. Questions ? Contact: j.m.koornneef@chem.uu.nlwww.co2-cato.nl