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Life Science NJ ASK Review

Life Science NJ ASK Review. 8 th Grade Science. Animal vs. Plant Cell. Determine the similarities and differences. Animal vs. Plant. Chloroplasts Cell Walls One Large Central Vacuole Nucleus usually pushed to the side Usually rectangular( ish ). Mitochondria Ribosomes ER

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Life Science NJ ASK Review

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  1. Life Science NJ ASK Review 8th Grade Science

  2. Animal vs. Plant Cell • Determine the similarities and differences.

  3. Animal vs. Plant • Chloroplasts • Cell Walls • One Large Central Vacuole • Nucleus usually pushed to • the side • Usually rectangular(ish) • Mitochondria • Ribosomes • ER • Rough • Smooth • Vacuoles • Nucleus • Nuclear Membrane • Cell Membrane • Cytoplasm • Golgi Apparatus • Lysosomes • Many small vacuoles • Nucleus is usually in • the center • Rounded

  4. What is a food chain? • A food chain is “a sequence of organisms, each of which uses the next, lower member of the sequence as a food source1”

  5. Important facts about food chains • In a food chain each organism obtains energy from the one at the level below. • Plants are called because they create their own food through photosynthesis • Animals are because they cannot create their own food, they must eat plants or other animals to get the energy that they need. producers consumers

  6. Four types of consumer • animals that eat only plants • animals that eat only other animals. • animals that eat animals and plants. • Animals that eat dead materials and organic wastes Herbivores: Carnivores: Omnivores: Detritivores:

  7. Other Ways to Classify Consumers • Primary Consumers: • Secondary Consumers: • Tertiary Consumers: Herbivores. Carnivores that eat herbivores. Carnivores that eat other carnivores.

  8. Identify the producer, one primary consumer, one secondary consumer and a tertiary consumer. Secondary Consumers Tertiary Consumers Primary Consumers Producer

  9. Hierarchy of Biological Classification Six Kingdoms

  10. Hierarchy of Biological Classification

  11. An easy way to remember… King = Kingdom Philip = Phylum Came = Class Over = Order For = Family Good = Genus Soup = Species • Which taxonomic group includes all the other groups? • Human beings are most closely related to other • animals that are in the same ________________. Kingdom Species

  12. Organization of Living Organisms Cells -basic unit of an animal’s structure -become specialized _______________________________ Tissues -made of cells that work together to perform a specific function __________________________________________ Organs -made of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function ____________________________________________________ Organ Systems -made of organs that work together to perform a specific function _____________________________________________________________ Organisms

  13. Genetics - What are traits? • Physical Traits • Can be seen by others • Examples: • Acquired Traits • Learned skills • Examples: • Behavioral Traits • Instinctual actions • Examples: • Eye color, hair color, height, left handed • Playing a sport, riding a bike, playing a musical instrument • Nest building and migration

  14. Genetics The genotype is the specific genetic makeup of an individual, usually in the form of DNA. It codes for the phenotype of the individual. • Genotype • Phenotype • Allele • An individual with non-identical alleles of a gene is for that gene • Examples: Bb, Tt, Aa • An individual with identical alleles of a gene is for that gene • Examples: BB or bb, TT or tt • An individual’s observable traits. What people can SEE when they look at you Different forms of a gene, which produce variations of a genetically inherited trait. heterozygous homozygous

  15. Terms Used in Modern Genetics • A genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor is called • A genetic factor that is blocked by the presence of a dominant • factor is called • An allele is dominant if its effect masks the effect of a recessive allele paired with it • Capital letters (A) signify dominant alleles; lowercase letters (a) signify recessive alleles • Homozygous dominant(AA) • Homozygous recessive(aa) • Heterozygous(Aa) dominant recessive

  16. Generation 1 B B b b In this case we have a dad with black fur and a mother with white fur. Because black is the dominant gene, we write it with a capital ‘B’. White fur is a recessive trait. It is written with a lowercase ‘b’. It does not matter what letter we choose to represent a gene, but capital letter is always dominant and lowercase is always recessive.

  17. Tongue Curling T=can curl T=cannot curl T t T T Copy into your notebook and complete the Punnett’s Square. What percentage of offspring will be able to curl their tongue?

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