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(Biomedical) Research funding (in the U.S.)

(Biomedical) Research funding (in the U.S.). Research Classifications. “Basic” research Goal: advancing knowledge Planetary exploration “Applied” research Goal: improve life somehow Search for asteroids that might cross Earth’s orbit. Biomedical. Usually hybrid between basic & applied.

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(Biomedical) Research funding (in the U.S.)

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  1. (Biomedical) Research funding (in the U.S.)

  2. Research Classifications • “Basic” research • Goal: advancing knowledge • Planetary exploration • “Applied” research • Goal: improve life somehow • Search for asteroids that might cross Earth’s orbit

  3. Biomedical • Usually hybrid between basic & applied

  4. Where is research done? • Universities (academia) • Government agencies • NIH in Bethesda, MD • Centers for Disease Control (Atlanta) • Oak Ridge Nat’l Labs (TN) • Private companies (industry) • Drug companies (Pharmaceutical industry) • Biotechnology • etc.

  5. Industry • More money? (investors, ‘profits’) • Typically applied research • Academia • Compete for money • More basic research

  6. Where does the money go? People (Salaries/benefits/travel/etc) Equipment (Computers/instrumentation) A decent-sized lab can eat $ Million(s) per year Disposable supplies (Chemicals/growth media/etc)

  7. Where does the money come from? ~$50 billion industry • Government • ~$25 billion • ~$20 billion from the NIH • $3 trillion Federal budget • $900 billion military • Industry • ~$20 billion • Charities • eg. JDRF • Private foundations • eg. Howard Hughes Medical Institute ($500 million)

  8. How does the money get there? • Lab structure (academia/govt) • Professor/Lab Head/Principle investigator (PI) • Runs the lab • Answers to Chair(man) of the Department and college administration • Post-doctoral researchers (2-4 years on average) • Have Ph.D. and/or M.D. (typically) • ‘Apprentice’ to the P.I. • Students (Graduate, undergraduate) (4-7 years) • Technicians (short- or long-term) • Bachelor’s/Master’s degree • Career scientist OR Just out of college

  9. How does the money get there? • Apply for grants and/or fellowships • Competitive process

  10. How does the money get there? • P.I. (and lab personnel) come up with an idea for a project • Write & submit one or more grant proposals • Purpose (ie. hypothesis to be tested) • Actual experiments to be performed • Budget proposal • Description of facilities • Personnel to do the job

  11. How does the money get there? • Grant proposals are reviewed • “Study section” • Done by ‘peers’: other lab P.I.s • Criteria • Scientific merit: is the problem important? Is the hypothesis valid? • Novelty: has the question been asked before? • Potential for results: are the proposed experiments good ones? What’s the quality of the P.I. and his/her lab? • Is the budget proposal appropriate? • Maybe 10-20% of proposals get funded (depends on funds available, etc.) **Getting grants requires salesmanship**

  12. Project ComparisonNIH grants (millions)~$20,000 total • Stem cell research $600 • Human embryonic $40 • Non-human embryonic $100 • Human non-embyronic $200 • Non-human non-embryonic $270

  13. Project ComparisonNIH grants (millions)~$20,000 total • Stem cell research $600 • Tobacco $500 • Cancer $5,500 • Biodefense $1,700 • HIV/AIDS $3,000

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