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ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCEAN TEMPERATURES Robert Perry

ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCEAN TEMPERATURES Robert Perry. TEMPERATURE IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS GOVERNING THE DISTRIBUTION OF LIFE ON EARTH. TEMPERATURE RECORDS ARE THE BACKBONE OF MOST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH STUDIES. Summer in the northern hemisphere. At

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ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCEAN TEMPERATURES Robert Perry

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  1. ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCEAN TEMPERATURES Robert Perry

  2. TEMPERATURE IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS GOVERNING THE DISTRIBUTION OF LIFE ON EARTH.

  3. TEMPERATURE RECORDS ARE THE BACKBONE OF MOST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH STUDIES

  4. Summer in the northern hemisphere

  5. At Equator Sub- Tropics INSOLATION Mid- Latitudes Near the Poles More solar energy is received per m2 as you move closer to the Equator.

  6. Since the Earth is tilted 23.5O with respect to its north and south pole the seasons occur as Earth travels along its solar orbit.

  7. Mean annual net radiation (W/m²) Net radiation is simply the difference between the absorbed solar radiation and the reflected infrared radiation. Where the net radiation is positive, the Earth tends to warm; where it is negative, the Earth tends to cool.

  8. World Sea Surface Temperatures Notice the general similarity to the world net radiation map.

  9. TEMPERATURE vs. DEPTH

  10. OCEAN TEMPERATURES: THERE ARE THREE TEMPERATURE LAYERS IN THE OPEN OCEAN

  11. THREE TEMPERATURE LAYERS: (Mid-Latitudes) 1. 1. 2. 2. 1. 3. 3. deep & bottom water 2. 3.

  12. WHY 3 LAYERS ? UPPER WATERS WARMED BY THE SUN ZONE OF RAPID TEMP. DECLINE Notice the depth scale: upper 200m deep & bottom DEEP WATER COLD & DENSE

  13. DIFFERENT TEMP PLOTS IN DIFFERENT LATITUDES.

  14. CROSS SECTION OF AN ENTIRE OCEAN TO SHOW WATER MASSES

  15. ATLANTIC OCEAN: THE GULF STREAM

  16. GULF STREAM Carrying hot water from the Equator & Caribbean

  17. ARCTIC OCEAN

  18. ARCTIC SST’s

  19. PACIFIC OCEAN TEMPERATURES

  20. 4 yr. Mean SST map courtesy of US Navy

  21. What two temperature distribution patterns can be seen on this map?

  22. 1. Temperature distribution by latitude.

  23. 2. Temperature distribution by surface currents.

  24. EL NINO TEMPERATURES

  25. Cold signature of equatorial current Normal Equatorial SSTs

  26. El Nino hot signature (Cold signature gone) El Nino Equatorial SSTs

  27. CALIFORNIA TEMPERATURES

  28. California SST’s by season

  29. SPRING TO FALL SST CHANGES MARCH TO OCTOBER 2003 THIS ANIMATION MAY NOT BE VISIBLE ON THE WEB. VISIT SOURCE: http://suzaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/GLI/ocean/

  30. EVEN IN SUMMER, NOTICE THE COLD (BLUE & GREEN) WATER DUE TO COASTAL UPWELLING !

  31. OUR LATITUDE: 34O N U.S.A. EAST COAST vs WEST COAST

  32. WHY ? COLD HERE HOT HERE 34O N U.S.A. EAST COAST vs WEST COAST

  33. WHY ? COLD HERE HOT HERE COLD California Current 34O N WARM Gulf Stream

  34. Southern California SST’s controlled by local currents: Pt Conception California Current Oxnard Malibu Channel Islands Southern California Counter - Current

  35. OCEAN TEMPERATURES: WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON ORGANISMS ?

  36. HERE’S HOW IT WORKS:

  37. Van’t Hoff’s Rule: For every 10OC increase in temperature, the metabolic rate doubles (at least).

  38. X2 Metabolism means: x2 food needed x2 O2 needed x2 wastes produced

  39. T H E E N D

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