420 likes | 521 Views
ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCEAN TEMPERATURES Robert Perry. TEMPERATURE IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS GOVERNING THE DISTRIBUTION OF LIFE ON EARTH. TEMPERATURE RECORDS ARE THE BACKBONE OF MOST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH STUDIES. Summer in the northern hemisphere. At
E N D
ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCEAN TEMPERATURES Robert Perry
TEMPERATURE IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS GOVERNING THE DISTRIBUTION OF LIFE ON EARTH.
TEMPERATURE RECORDS ARE THE BACKBONE OF MOST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH STUDIES
At Equator Sub- Tropics INSOLATION Mid- Latitudes Near the Poles More solar energy is received per m2 as you move closer to the Equator.
Since the Earth is tilted 23.5O with respect to its north and south pole the seasons occur as Earth travels along its solar orbit.
Mean annual net radiation (W/m²) Net radiation is simply the difference between the absorbed solar radiation and the reflected infrared radiation. Where the net radiation is positive, the Earth tends to warm; where it is negative, the Earth tends to cool.
World Sea Surface Temperatures Notice the general similarity to the world net radiation map.
TEMPERATURE vs. DEPTH
OCEAN TEMPERATURES: THERE ARE THREE TEMPERATURE LAYERS IN THE OPEN OCEAN
THREE TEMPERATURE LAYERS: (Mid-Latitudes) 1. 1. 2. 2. 1. 3. 3. deep & bottom water 2. 3.
WHY 3 LAYERS ? UPPER WATERS WARMED BY THE SUN ZONE OF RAPID TEMP. DECLINE Notice the depth scale: upper 200m deep & bottom DEEP WATER COLD & DENSE
DIFFERENT TEMP PLOTS IN DIFFERENT LATITUDES.
CROSS SECTION OF AN ENTIRE OCEAN TO SHOW WATER MASSES
ATLANTIC OCEAN: THE GULF STREAM
GULF STREAM Carrying hot water from the Equator & Caribbean
ARCTIC OCEAN
PACIFIC OCEAN TEMPERATURES
4 yr. Mean SST map courtesy of US Navy
What two temperature distribution patterns can be seen on this map?
2. Temperature distribution by surface currents.
EL NINO TEMPERATURES
Cold signature of equatorial current Normal Equatorial SSTs
El Nino hot signature (Cold signature gone) El Nino Equatorial SSTs
CALIFORNIA TEMPERATURES
California SST’s by season
SPRING TO FALL SST CHANGES MARCH TO OCTOBER 2003 THIS ANIMATION MAY NOT BE VISIBLE ON THE WEB. VISIT SOURCE: http://suzaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/GLI/ocean/
EVEN IN SUMMER, NOTICE THE COLD (BLUE & GREEN) WATER DUE TO COASTAL UPWELLING !
OUR LATITUDE: 34O N U.S.A. EAST COAST vs WEST COAST
WHY ? COLD HERE HOT HERE 34O N U.S.A. EAST COAST vs WEST COAST
WHY ? COLD HERE HOT HERE COLD California Current 34O N WARM Gulf Stream
Southern California SST’s controlled by local currents: Pt Conception California Current Oxnard Malibu Channel Islands Southern California Counter - Current
OCEAN TEMPERATURES: WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON ORGANISMS ?
HERE’S HOW IT WORKS:
Van’t Hoff’s Rule: For every 10OC increase in temperature, the metabolic rate doubles (at least).
X2 Metabolism means: x2 food needed x2 O2 needed x2 wastes produced