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Introduction to Virology

Introduction to Virology. I. Objectives. What is a virus How do viruses multiply How are viruses classified (What are some of the diseases viruses cause). II. Historical Perspective. A. Ancient times 1. poliovirus 2. smallpox B. More recent history 1. 1790’s Iwanowski 2. 1890’s

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Introduction to Virology

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  1. Introduction to Virology

  2. I. Objectives • What is a virus • How do viruses multiply • How are viruses classified • (What are some of the diseases viruses cause)

  3. II. Historical Perspective • A. Ancient times • 1. poliovirus • 2. smallpox • B. More recent history • 1. 1790’s • Iwanowski • 2. 1890’s • Jenner

  4. III. What is a virus? • A. Characteristics

  5. B. Comparison to bacteria1. overall • Bacteria Virus • Intracellular parasite (no) yes • Plasma membrane yes no • Binary fission yes no • Filterable no yes • Possess DNA & RNA yes no • ATP production yes no • Ribosomes yes no • Antibiotic sensitive yes no

  6. 2. Growth comparison • 3. Size comparison • 4. Genome size comparison

  7. IV. Nucleocapsid morphology

  8. A. Helical • B. Polyhedral • C. Complex

  9. V. How viruses multiply (13.10) • 1. Basic strategy • Attachment • Penetration • Synthesis of viral proteins and nucleic acids • Maturation • Release

  10. 2. Bacterial viruses: Fig 13.12 • Lytic vs lysogenic cycle

  11. 3. General Animal Virus Multiplication

  12. a.Virus Budding: Fig 13.20

  13. 4. Differences in lab culture of viruses • a. bacteriophage • b. animal viruses

  14. VI. Differences in multiplication due to differences in genome organization • A. Genome organization

  15. B. DNA Viruses: Life Cycle: Fig 13.17

  16. C. Replication of RNA viruses: Fig 13.17

  17. VI. Classification schemes • A. Formal taxonomies • B. Baltimore Classification

  18. C. Nucleic acid type --> Baltimore classification • Class I • ds DNA • Class II • ssDNA (positive and negative) • Class III • dsRNA • Class IV • ssRNA (positive)

  19. Class V • ssRNA (negative) • Class VI • ssRNA (positive, replication intermediate DNA)

  20. 1. Class I: dsDNA Viruses • Bacterial • Bacteriophage • Plant • Caulomoviridae

  21. Human • Herpesviridae • Adenoviridae • Poxviridae • Papovaviridae • Papillomavirus • Polyomavirus • Vacuolating agent

  22. Hepadnaviridae • After protein synthesis, DNA replicated through RNA intermediate

  23. 2. Class II: ssDNA viruses • Bacteria • Plant • Animal

  24. 3. Class III: dsRNA viruses • Reoviridae

  25. 4. Class IV: ss (+) RNA viruses • Picornaviridae • Togaviridae • Flaviviridae • Coronaviridae • Calciviridae

  26. 5. Class V: ss (-) RNA viruses • Rhabdoviridae • Filoviridae • Paramyxoviridae • Orthomyxoviridae • Bunyaviridae • Deltaviridae • Arenaviridae

  27. Retrovirus Life Cycle: Fig 13.19

  28. 6. Class VI: ss (+) viruses (dsDNA intermediate) • Retroviridae • Oncoviruses • Lentivirus

  29. D. Review of Replication Strategies

  30. VII. Effects of Viral Infection on Cell

  31. VIII. Oncogenic Viruses

  32. IX. Plant viruses • Morphologically similar to animal viruses • Enter through wounds or parasites • Some multiply in insects

  33. X. Viroids • Plant pathogens • infectious naked RNA • 20-25 identified so far • ss covalent circle

  34. XI. Prions • A. Fig 13.21 • B. PrPC vs PrPSc • Structural differences • Detergent solubility differences • Differences in susceptibility to protein degrading enzymes

  35. Prion diseases of humans and animals

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