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An Introduction to Virology

LECTURE 1:. An Introduction to Virology. Viro100: Virology 3 Credit hours NUST Centre of Virology & Immunology. Course Work. Quizzes 5% Class Participation & Attendance 5% Presentation & Assignment 10%

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An Introduction to Virology

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  1. LECTURE 1: An Introduction to Virology Viro100: Virology 3 Credit hours NUST Centre of Virology & Immunology

  2. Course Work • Quizzes 5% • Class Participation & Attendance 5% • Presentation & Assignment 10% • First Sessional 20% • Second Sessional 20% • Final Term 40%

  3. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008 is awarded with one half to Harald zur Hausen for his discovery of “human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer” and the other half jointly to Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier for their discovery of “human immunodeficiency virus”

  4. Major topics in General Virology • What is virus? • Virus growth in cells • Virus interaction with whole organism • Viruses and diseases • Antiviral pharmacology and applied virology

  5. Viruses are every where !!!! • We carry viral genomes as part of our own genome material • Every milliliter of seawater has more than a million virus particles • More than 1030bacteriophage particles in the world’s water supply • A bacteriophage particle weighs about a femtogram(10-15grams) • 1030 X 10-15= the biomass on the planet ofBACTERIAL VIRUSES ALONE exceeds the biomass of elephants by more than 1000 fold

  6. There are ~1016 HIV genomes on the planet today • With this number of genomes, it is highly probable that HIV genomes exist that are resistant to every one of the antiviral drugs that we have now, Or EVER WILL HAVE! • Each of you in this room is probably infected with at least 2 of the 9 known herpes viruses • Each of you has thousands of copies of old and new retrovirus genomes integrated into your DNA • About 8% of your DNA is made up of these ancient genomes

  7. Viruses are helpful,,,!!! • Anti-bacterial agents • Phage typing of bacteria • Sources of enzymes • Pesticides • Anti-cancer agents • Gene vectors for protein production

  8. Small Pox Virus Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV)

  9. Delayed emergence of potato caused by Tobacco Rattle Virus infection Damaged potato (spraing) caused by Tobacco Rattle Virus infection

  10. Escherichia coli cell with Phage T4 attached Mushroom virus X Viruses are a significant part of the ecosystem, infecting every living thing

  11. Envelope Capsid Viral core

  12. General Properties of Viruses • Viruses are extremely small • Viruses lack metabolic machinery • Viruses cannot survive on their own • Viruses cannot be grown on artificial media • Need always living cell for infection • “Organisms at the edge of life”

  13. Viruses are parasite • Viruses hijack host machinery and utilize it for • Building blocks such as amino acids and nucleosides • Protein synthesizing machinery (ribosomes) • Energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate • A virus modifies the intracellular environment of its host in order to enhance the efficiency of the replication process. • Modifications might include production of new membranous structures, reduced expression of cell genes or enhancement of a cell process.

  14. Viruses are living or non-living?? Non living?? How? lead a kind of borrowed life acellular Living?? Viruses belong to biology because they possess genes, replicate, evolve, and are adapted to particular hosts, biotic habitats, and ecological niches

  15. Viruses : They are the smallest and simplest form of life on earth, which can replicate only in living susceptible cells Virology: the science which deals with study of viruses as causative agents of very important diseases that occurs in human, animals, plants and other living organisms (insects, bacteria,…)

  16. In The Cow-Pock—or—the Wonderful Effects of the New Inoculation! (1802), James Gillraycaricatured recipients of the vaccine developing cow like appendages.

  17. Bacteriophage/ Dengue Lab waqasch536@hotmail.com THANK YOU!

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