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Introduction to Virology: A Comprehensive Overview

Explore the world of virology through this lecture outline covering virus characteristics, multiplication, classification, and diseases caused in humans, animals, and plants. Learn about nucleocapsid morphology, viral replication strategies, Baltimore classification, and the effects of viral infections on cells. Dive into the historical perspective of viruses, discover oncogenic viruses, viroids, and prions, and understand the unique features of different classes of viruses.

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Introduction to Virology: A Comprehensive Overview

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  1. Introduction to Virology

  2. Lecture Outline • I. Objectives • II. Historical perspective • III. What is a virus • A. Characteristics • B. Comparison to bacteria • IV. Nucleocapsid morphology • A. Helical • B. Polyhedral • C. Complex

  3. V. How viruses multiply • A. Basic strategy • B. Bacterial viruses • C. Animal viruses • D. Culturing viruses in the lab • VI. How to classify viruses? • A. Formal taxonomies • B. Baltimore Classification • C. Which means what?

  4. VII. Viruses and the diseases they cause • A. Class I: dsDNA • B. Class II: ssDNA • C. Class III: dsRNA • D. Class IV: ss(+)RNA • E. Class V: ss(-)RNA • F. Class VI: ss(+)RNA with dsDNA intermediate • VIII. Summary of effects of viral infection on cells • IX. Oncogenic viruses

  5. X. Viroids • XI. Prions

  6. I. Objectives • What is a virus • How do viruses multiply • How are viruses classified • What are some of the diseases viruses cause

  7. II. Historical Perspective • A. Ancient times • 1. poliovirus • 2. smallpox • B. More recent history • 1. 1790’s • Iwanowski • 2. 1890’s • Jenner

  8. III. What is a virus? • A. Characteristics

  9. B. Comparison to bacteria1. overall • Bacteria Virus • Intracellular parasite (no) yes • Plasma membrane yes no • Binary fission yes no • Filterable no yes • Possess DNA & RNA yes no • ATP production yes no • Ribosomes yes no • Antibiotic sensitive yes no

  10. 2. Size comparison • 3. Genome size comparison

  11. IV. Nucleocapsid morphology • A. Helical • B. Polyhedral • C. Complex

  12. V. How viruses multiply (13.10) • A. Basic strategy • Attachment • Penetration • Synthesis of viral proteins and nucleic acids • Maturation • Release

  13. B. Bacterial viruses: Fig 13.12 • Lytic vs lysogenic cycle

  14. C. Animal Viruses

  15. D. Culturing viruses in the lab • 1. bacteriophage • 2. animal viruses

  16. VI. How to classify viruses? • A. Formal taxonomies • B. Baltimore classification • C. Which means what?

  17. 1. Genome organization

  18. 2. Genome organization affects replication

  19. 3. DNA Viruses: Life Cycle: Fig 13.17

  20. 4. Replication of RNA viruses: Fig 13.17

  21. 5. Viral classes • Class I • ds DNA • Class II • ssDNA (positive and negative) • Class III • dsRNA • Class IV • ssRNA (positive)

  22. Class V • ssRNA (negative) • Class VI • ssRNA (positive, replication intermediate DNA)

  23. Brief note on nomenclature • Family • Genus • Species • eg. Family Herpesviridae, genus Simplexvirus, human herpes virus 2

  24. VII. Viruses and the diseases they cause • A. Class I: dsDNA Viruses • 1. Bacterial • 2. Plant

  25. 3. Human host • a. Herpesviridae • b. Adenoviridae • c. Poxviridae • d. Papovaviridae • Papillomavirus • Polyomavirus • Vacuolating agent • e. Hepadnaviridae

  26. B. Class II: ssDNA viruses • 1. Bacteria • 2. Plant • 3. Human • A. Parvoviridae

  27. C. Class III: dsRNA viruses • 1. Reoviridae

  28. D. Class IV: ss (+) RNA viruses • 1. Picornaviridae • 2. Togaviridae • 3. Flaviviridae • 4. Coronaviridae • 5. Calciviridae

  29. E. Class V: ss (-) RNA viruses • 1. Rhabdoviridae • 2. Filoviridae • 3. Paramyxoviridae • 4. Orthomyxoviridae • 5. Bunyaviridae

  30. Retrovirus Life Cycle: Fig 13.19

  31. F. Class VI: ss (+) viruses (dsDNA intermediate) • 1. Retroviridae • Oncoviruses • Lentivirus

  32. G. Review of Replication Strategies

  33. VIII. Summary of effects of viral infection on cells

  34. IX. Oncogenic Viruses

  35. X. Viroids

  36. XI. Prions • A. Fig 13.21 • B. PrPC vs PrPSc • Structural differences • Detergent solubility differences • Differences in susceptibility to protein degrading enzymes

  37. Prion diseases of humans and animals

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