Pellagra

1. Pellagra • Niacin deficiency • Characterized by the 4 D’s: • dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death • Prevented by eating red meat; enriched and whole-grain cereals

2. Pellagra--dermatitis

3. Pellagra--hands

4. Rickets • Deficiency of calcium or Vitamin D • Characterized by soft bones or bowed legs • May have misshapen breast bones in children

5. Anemia • A blood disorder • Iron deficiency • Reduced number of red blood cells in the blood stream—results in feeling tired • Teen-age girls are most susceptible to this condition • Red meats—liver –egg yolks are good sources

7. Pernicious Anemia • Type of blood disorder that results from a lack of Vitamin B12 and intrinsic factor—found naturally in digestive tract—diminishes with age

8. Osteoporosis • A calcium deficiency disease that results in a decreased amount of bone mass • Porous, brittle bones • Loss in bone density • Milk and milk products help to prevent

10. Obesity • Extremely overweight • 10-20 percent above the normal range for a particular age, gender, and height • Can lead to heart disease; arthritis; diabetes

11. Scurvy • Severe Vitamin C deficiency • Recall the sailors and their illness and death from eating dried fruits—vitamin C is destroyed by heat and light • Less severe deficiency results in bleeding gums and bruises that do not heal quickly • Vitamin C helps form collagen

13. SCURVY POSITION

15. Marasmus • Malnutrition that develops when both calories and protein are deficient

16. Arteriosclerosis • A disease in which there is a build-up of plaque, primarily composed of cholesterol, on the inner walls of blood vessels • Remember: HDL picks up plaque and carries it back to liver; LDL causes plaque • Best kind of fat: Monounsaturated—Canola oil ; olive oil—raise HDL and lowers LDL • Worst Kind of fat: Saturated—raises only the level of LDL

17. Beriberi • A disease caused by a deficiency of thiamine • (Remember B—BB) • Partial paralysis, weakness, mental confusion; death • Eat lean pork and enriched grains

18. Bulimia • An eating disorder characterized by abnormal and constant eating of food • Binging • Followed by abnormal elimination of food • Purging

21. Malnutrition • Poor nourishment resulting from too many or too few calories and or nutrients • Over an extended period of time • Can be caused by the body’s inability to use the nutrients it takes in

23. Kwashiorkor • Malnutrition that develops when calories are adequate but protein is deficient • Potbellies are prominent as a result of water retention • Remember that one function of protein is to maintain water balance • Seen more in third world countries

25. Hypertension • High blood pressure • Excessive tension or pressure in the blood stream • Sodium is linked with high blood pressure

26. HYPERTENSION

28. Cheiolis • Riboflavin deficiency • Scaly – greasy skin around mouth corners and nose

29. Other food-related problems or disorders • Anorexia nervosa—psychological disorder where a person eats very little or refuses to eat as they see themselves overweight even when they are dangerously underweight • Diabetes Mellitus—lack of or inability to use the hormone insulin, which results in the build up of glucose in the bloodstream—can be helped by diet • Goiter—an enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by a lack of iodine—always buy iodized salt • Underweight—ten percent or more below desirable weight for height. Usually a body mass index at less than 19 • Night blindness—inability to adjust to varying degrees of light—associated with Vitamin A deficiency • Birth defect –spinal bifidia—may be prevented by taking folic acid

30. PKU—INABILITY TOUSE AN ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDTREATED WITH DIET

31. GOITER

32. ECZEMA