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World History

World History. Unit Three 400BC – 1500 AD. From Rome to the Dark Ages. “Who would believe…that Rome, built upon the conquest of the whole world, would itself fall to the ground?”. The Fall of Rome. From within From without. From Within. Political Marcus Aurelius dies in 180

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World History

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  1. World History Unit Three 400BC – 1500 AD

  2. From Rome to the Dark Ages

  3. “Who would believe…that Rome, built upon the conquest of the whole world, would itself fall to the ground?”

  4. The Fall of Rome • From within • From without

  5. From Within • Political • Marcus Aurelius dies in 180 • Ends PaxRomana • 100 years of political problems • 26 emperors in 50 years • Economic • High taxes • Support armies and roads • Rising prices • Poor people had to sell out to rich • Rich protected the poor on estates

  6. Efforts to Reform (Change) • Diocletian in 284 • Fix prices • Divides power into two emperors • Known as Tetrarchy • East leader (himself) • West leader (Maximian) • Constantine 312 • Toleration of Christians • Edict of Milan • Builds a EAST capital city • Constantinople

  7. From Without • Germanic invaders from the North • Used to be powerful enough to fight them off • “within” problems caused weakening

  8. Fall of Rome 476 AD • Huns Invading groups from china • Germanic Tribes invade • Groups of people from western Europe HUNS Germanic

  9. Invasions • By 500 AD Western Rome was now several Germanic states. • Visigoths in Italy • Ostrogoths in Spain • The Franks (France) • Clovis – strong military leader • Converted to Christianity

  10. Different People brings Different way of life • Roman law settled things in court • Germanic law settled things in court and out • Punishment for murder may be a blood feud between families • Wergild – money paid for injury • Ordeal- physical trial that God would intervene before harm was done. • “No harm no foul!” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrzMhU_4m-g

  11. Lasting Impact of Rome • Spread of Christianity • Model for modern cities • infrastructure • Roman system of law

  12. Rise and Fall Fall of Rome ushers in the Rise of Europe

  13. Europe

  14. The Rise of Europe • From isolation to a dominant force • Germans carve up into small kingdoms • United Europe under Charlemagne • United Europe under Christianity • Feudalism gives order • Agricultural Revolution

  15. The European World • The Dark Ages • Feudalism takes over

  16. Charlemagne • Germanic groups had carved up the Roman Empire • Charles the Great or aka Charlemagne • Unites western Europe or the Old Roman Empire • Through wars • The church in Rome came under attack • Pope Leo III (head of the church)asks Charlemagne’s help, who is a Christian • Charlemagne's wins and the pope crowns him “emperor”

  17. Result of “Emperor” status • This causes tension between the east and west churches.

  18. Charlemagne • Works closely with “the Church” • Unites a Christian Europe • Fights Muslims in Spain • appoint people called nobles to rule local areas • Attempts to revive learning • Everything falls apart after he dies

  19. Unrest Resumes • Tours – Muslims • Magyars – Hungary • Vikings • Most destructive • Raiders • From Ireland and Russia • Major traders • Leif Erikson-sailed the Atlantic to North America

  20. Feudalism Feudalism defined – a system for structuring society around the powerful local “lords” gave land to poor folksin exchange for protection and labor. “You scratch my back and I will scratch yours”

  21. Development of Feudalism Reason for Feudalism • Invaders, like the Vikings, constantly raided towns and villages • People needed someone to protect them

  22. KingLords (nobles)KnightsPeasants or Serfshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rAaWvVFERVA

  23. Roles in Feudalism • Kings owns all land • Lords collect money for king • Knights protect land • Peasants live and work the land pay taxes

  24. The Main Power The rise of Church

  25. Rise to Church Power • Constantine becomes Christian • Makes Christianity “official” religion of Rome • Becomes religious and political authority • Clovis (Franks leader) converts • Charlemagne was called “Holy Roman Emperor” • Church and State are the same.

  26. The Organization of the Church • Organization • Priests led local congregations called parishes groups of parishes were called diocese overseen by a Bishop who joined together and were overseen by and Archbishop… later the Archbishop of Rome became known as the Pope (father) who was the leader of the whole Roman Catholic Church

  27. The Roman Catholic Church • Catholic – universal • Pope Gregory I increased power of the Papacy – office of the pope and thus the Church. • Political power too

  28. Monks and Monasteries • Monk – man who separates from society to dedicate himself to God. Monks lived in monasteries. • Became Christian heroes • Social workers in communities • Provided education (schools, occupational ed.) • Provided hospitals • Missionaries – people sent out to convert others

  29. Unrest with Feudalism • Abuses of power • No trial by jury • Corruption of kings and religious leaders • Uprisings and Rebellions

  30. Magna Carta 1215 • Nobles threaten to kill the king • Force the king to sign “magna carta” or the great charter • trials by jury • King NO LONGER ABLOLUTE power • Council of nobles HELP make laws • Council is now called parliament

  31. Representative Government • Government in which people chose others to represent them and vote on their behalf.

  32. Laws • Common Law – is a system of law based on PRECEDENT or “previous decisions” in other courts. • Can be “unprecedented” • Can change overtime as “times” change

  33. Global Trade

  34. Global Trade • China • The Silk Road – Western China to Mediterranean • Over land • Silk

  35. Global Trade • India • Indian Ocean Trade • By water • Pearls, spices and fruits

  36. Global Trade • Europe • By waterand Land • Textiles (wool and cotton) , Horses

  37. Global Trade • Middle East/Arabia • By Land • Gold, Camels

  38. More than Exchanging Goods • What do you think was made to link these areas? • What do you think was created at the intersection of these roads?

  39. Effects of Trade • Diffusion of cultures • Exchange of religious ideas • Exchange of political ideas • Spread of disease

  40. Black Death

  41. Black Death • AKA Bubonic Plague • 100 million world wide • 33 million in Europe • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p53kJX64ieQ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4BbkQiQyaYc

  42. Effects of the Black Death on Europe • Anti- Semitism – hostility toward Jews • Christians blamed them for the plague by poisoning wells • Trade declined • Shortage of workers • Decline of church influence

  43. New Patterns of Civilization • African Civilizations • Asian World • Europe and the Middle Ages • The Americas

  44. Africa

  45. African Geography • Location

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