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Kenya: The Effects of an Increasing Population

Kenya: The Effects of an Increasing Population. Heather Condon, Caroline Keng, Taylor Webb. Background Information. Why should population growth be lowered in developing nations? Poor economic success Deterioration of social services Decline in ecological systems.

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Kenya: The Effects of an Increasing Population

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  1. Kenya: The Effects of an Increasing Population Heather Condon, Caroline Keng, Taylor Webb

  2. Background Information • Why should population growth be lowered in developing nations? • Poor economic success • Deterioration of social services • Decline in ecological systems

  3. Figure 1: Population Growth Rate – Kenya A Comparison of the percentage growth rates in Kenya from 2000- 2005. (Index Mundi 2005)

  4. The History of Family Planning Policies in Kenya • 1962 – formation of Family Planning Association of Kenya (FPAK) • Goals: make contraceptives available to the majority of the female population, educate the general public on Planned Parenthood, create family care centers and clinics in at least every major city • Reasons for policy failure: lack of enthusiasm people had for smaller family sizes , religious beliefs, social structure, spiritual and economic rewards

  5. Objectives • Examine the economic, societal, and environmental impacts Kenya’s large pop has on it’s country • Provide recommendations for new policy initiatives

  6. Economic Impacts • Corruption • No foreign investment • Why Kenya should be economically successful • Mombassa Port • Landscape

  7. Figure 2: Population Pyramid for Kenya The actual distribution of Kenyans in 2000. (U.S. Census Bureau 2000)

  8. Figure 3: Population Pyramid for Kenya The predicted distribution of Kenyans in 2025. (U.S. Census Bureau 2000)

  9. Figure 4: Population Pyramid for Kenya The predicted distribution of Kenyans in 2050. (U.S. Census Bureau 2000)

  10. Societal Impacts • Increase in poverty • Increase in female mortality rate • Lack of access to health care • Decrease women’s opportunity for education

  11. Figure 5: Proportion of Kenyans with No Formal Education The difference in percentages of males who have no formal education is far less than females, especially as the population gets older. (Karani 1987, 424)

  12. Environmental Impacts • Loss in biodiversity (overfishing) • Deforestation and desertification African Catfish African Lungfish

  13. Figure 6: Number of Threatened Fish and Plants in Eastern Africa Kenya’s large population leads to a high number in biodiversity species (namely fish and vegetation). (ArcGIS 2006)

  14. Conclusion • A decrease in population growth rates will affect … • Infant mortality rate • Adult literacy rate • Per capita income • Life expectancy

  15. Our Solution • Have policies be revolved around … • EDUCATION • Giving women more power/voice • Change traditional beliefs • Incentives

  16. References • Bernard, F., Campbell, D.J., Thom, D.J.“Carrying Capacity of the Eastern Ecological Gradient of Kenya.” National Geographic Research5 Fall 1989:399-421. ISI Web of Knowledge. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 8 March 2006 <http://portal.isiknowledge.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/portal.cgi?DestApp=WOS&Func=rame>. • Brown, L. “Slender African Lungfish”. 2003. <http://www.whozoo.org/Anlife99/lashawn/DTU_an2.jpg> (6April 2006) • Caldwell, JC and Caldwell, P. “The Cultural Context of High Fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa.” Population and Development Review 13 September 1987: 409–437. ISI Web of Knowledge. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 8 March 2006 <http://portal.isiknowledge.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/portal.cgi?DestApp=WOS&Func=rame>. • Chimbwete C, Watkins SC, Zulu EM. “The Evolution of Population Policies in Kenya and Malawi.”  Population Research and Policy Review 24 February 2005: 85-106. . ISI Web of Knowledge. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 8 March 2006 <http://portal.isiknowledge.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/portal.cgi?DestApp=WOS&Func=Frame>. • CIA. “Kenya - Political Map”. 1988. <http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/kenya_pop_1974.jpg> (6April 2006) • CIA. “Kenya – Population Map”. 1988. < <http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/kenya_pop_1974.jpg> (6April 2006) • CIA. “Kenya – Vegetation and Agricultural Cash Crops Map”. 1988. <http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/kenya_veg_1974.jpg • > (6April 2006) • CIA World Factbook.  “Kenya – Population Growth Rate (%)”.  2005. <http://www.indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?c=ke&v=24> (6 April 2006) • Cubbins, L. “Women, Men, and the Division of Power: A Study of Gender Stratification in Kenya.” Social Forces 69 June 1991: 1063-1083. ISI Web of Knowledge. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 8 March 2006 <http://portal.isiknowledge.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/portal.cgi?DestApp=WOS&Func=Frame>. • Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures. “African catfish, Schilbe sp.”. 2003. < http://www.ag.auburn.edu/fish/image_gallery/data/media/41/IMG0064.jpg> (6April 2006) • Dependency Ratio. No Date of Posting. Investopedia Inc. 2 April 2006 <http://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dependencyratio.asp>. • Ekbom, A., Knutsson, P., Ovuka, M. “Is Sustainable Development Based on Agriculture Attainable in Kenya? A Multidisciplinary Case Study of Murang'a District.” Land Degradation and Development. 12 September 2001: 435-447. ISI Web of Knowledge. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 8 March 2006 <http://portal.isiknowledge.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/portal.cgi?DestApp=WOS&Func=Frame>.

  17. References • Karani, F.A. 1987. The Situation and Roles of Women in Kenya: An Overview. JSTOR. The Journal of Negro Education. 56: 422-434 • Lay, W. "Answers to Questions about Kenya" E-mail to author. 9 February 2005. • Lloyd, C. “World Population in 2050: Assessing the Projections.” FRBB: Economic Research. No date of posting. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. 2 April 2006 <http://www.bos.frb.org/economic/conf/conf46/conf46d2.pdf>. • Obura, D. “Kenya.” Marine Pollution Bulletin. 42 Dec 2001: 1264-1278. ISI Web of Knowledge. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 8 March 2006 <http://portal.isiknowledge.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/portal.cgi?DestApp=WOS&Func=Frame>. • Ojany, F. Kenya: A Study in Physical and Human Geography. Nairobi: Longman Kenya Ltd, 1973. • Redfern, P. "Private Sector Vital for Economy." African Business. February 2003: 16-18. Proquest. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 2 February 2005 <http://proquest.umi.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/pqdweb?did=282243951&sid=2&Fmt=4clientld=17822&RQT=309&Vname=PQD>. • The World Fact Book: Kenya. January 10, 2006. CIA. 8 March 2006<http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ke.html >. • Uncharted Outposts. “No Picture Title – Picture of Kenyan Landscape”. 2002. < < http://www.unchartedoutposts.com/africa/webpages/images/saruni6.jpg> (6April 2006) • UNIFCEF Canada. “No Picture Title – Picture of Kenyan Girl Writing”. 2003. < http://www.unicef.ca/kids/teens/assets/277/96-1392F-Kenya.jpg> (6April 2006) • UNICEF Canada. “No Picture Title – Picture of Kenyan Girl Wash Clothes and Reading Book”. 2003. < < http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.unicef.ca/kids/teens/assets/277/96-1392F-Kenya.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.unicef.ca/kids/teens/education.php&h=227&w=340&sz=29&tbnid=73kS4d7q1J707M:&tbnh=76&tbnw=115&hl=en&start=3&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dkenya%2Beducation%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D> (6April 2006) • U.S. Census Bureau.  “Population Pyramid Summary for Kenya”.  2000. <http://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/ipc/idbpyrs.pl?cty=KE&out=s&ymax=250> (6 April 2006)

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