World Trends in Population

1. World Trends in Population

2. Trends you know? • China and India • Developed vs. Developing • Europe • Africa • Other??

4. Population Density A measure of how compact or concentrated a population is. It takes area of land into account as well as population. • For example Canada as a whole has a much larger population than Winnipeg alone. However Canada is spread out over a much larger area than is Winnipeg. Therefore, Winnipeg would have a higher population density than Canada

5. Density • Check out this website…. • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/worldbalance/eart-flash.html

8. How to find density… Population Density = population per unit area (km2) • Sparsely populated = small number of people per unit area • ( less than 100 people / Km2) • Densely Populated = high number of people per unit area • (higher than 100 people / Km2 )

9. World’s Densest Cities • Some busy places.....

10. Density: global trends • North America: • Sparsely populated in north, • Densely populated along north eastern U.S. and south western U.S. • South America: • Sparsely populated in Center, • Densely populated along Western Coast but most dense south Eastern Brazil • Europe: • Sparsely populated in Extreme North, • Densely populated throughout remainder • Asia: • Sparsely populated in North & center, • Densely populated in South East • Africa: • Sparsely populated in Sahara, • Densely in North & Sub Sahara

11. Factors Affecting Density • Climate: • Warmer comfortable climates attract people. Notice that most people live in a moderate climate region. • Economics: • Population distribution has changed over time. No longer are dense populations around primary resources. Urbanization and the move to the industrial and now the information ages have changed population distribution. • Transportation: • Coastal regions attracted business and people because of ocean transportation. It was true for initial settlement and is still true today. Most major cities are located on the coast.

13. Annual Growth Rate (AGR) • Generally it is a measure of "how fast is the population growing?" • It is measured as the percentage increase in a population over a period of time. • The calculation used to provide a measure is known as the Annual Growth Rate (AGR) The formula is        AGR = pop. change x 100% ÷ years for change pop. original

15. Sample calculation of AGR • Mexico • Mexico’s population changed from 49 million to 72 million between the years 1971 & 1981 • AGR = pop. change ´ 100% ÷ years for change           pop. Original • AGR = 72 – 49 ´ 100% ÷ 10 = 4.7% (very high)                49

16. Another… • Sweden • Sweden's population changed from 7.9 million to 8.3 million between the years 1971 & 1981 • AGR = pop. change ´ 100% ÷ years for change           pop. Original • AGR = 8.3 – 7.9 ´ 100% ÷ 10 = 0.5% (very low)                7.9

17. How Fast is Fast? • Fast growing: AGR > 2% • For example Mexico, between 1971 & 1981, had a fast growing population with an AGR of 4.7% • Slow growing: AGR < 2% • For example Sweden, between 1971 & 1981, had a slow growing population with an AGR of 0.5%

19. What Is Canada’s AGR? Canada’s population was 30.7 million in 2000, and it is now 34.8 million in 2012. What is our AGR over the past 12 years? AGR:

20. MB’s AGR • Manitoba grew in population from 1.15 million in 2000, to 1.26 million in 2012. • What is our AGR?

21. Trends in population growth rates • Most countries population growth rates are declining. Especially developed nations. • This trend towards lower growth rates should not be confused with decreasing populations. The world’s population is still growing at a phenomenal rate. • Note: Developed nations have lower AGRs. Why?

23. Economic Conditions that Affect Country’s AGR • Better economic conditions affect a number of things that have allowed developed nations to stabilize their populations.  Some of the amenities that developed nations enjoy that promote population control include:

24. 1. Education of Masses • What does school teach you? • Where else can you become educated? • What is the point of school? • If you are educated, what things can you do now? • Beyond subjects, what else does school teach you?

25. 1. Education rate of the masses: • educated people are more aware of birth control and statistics show that increased education is correlated with decreased number of children.

26. 2. Education of Females • Why specifically this gender? • What can women do with this? • What will they most likely not do with this? • How can this be a solution to overpopulation? • Where does this need to happen and why? • How can this happen?

27. 2. Education of females: • it is assumed that the education of women has resulted in them taking on a greater variety of societal roles in developed nations.  Again statistics show that more educated women tend to have fewer children.

28. 3. Employment of Females • What kind of employment can you have without education? Why? • When do humans usually start their careers? • When do humans usually have children?

29. 3. Employment for females: • instances of females working outside the home are more common in developed nations. This goes hand in hand with increased education.  Statistics show that in developed nations women are having children later in life and are having fewer children as they put family on hold to develop a career.

30. 4. Birth Control • How much does it cost? • Where can people get it? • Is it a priority for people who are starving? • Who is starving? • How can WE help?

31. 4. Ability to access birth control: While a trip to the corner store for birth control is a simple task in a developed nation, in lesser developed nations the cost is prohibitive.  Feeding the family takes precedent over birth control.  Furthermore the availability of a corner store is a problem for some let alone the availability

33. 5. Rural to Urban • Why are people moving to urban places? • What does that have to do with overpopulation? • Where is overpopulation prevalent? • Is there a connection?

34. 5. Service sector jobs & the move from agriculture to urbanization: • people do not need large families to help on the farm if they work in the city where the jobs are predominantly in manufacturing and in the service sector. 

35. 6. Health Care and Services • What kind of services do you receive or have access to as a Canadian? • What do most developing nations have access to? • What does this have to do with overpopulation?

36. 6. Health care • prenatal and family planning services are expensive and are predominantly found in more developed nations.  We may not recognize the services we have available to us because we are so accustomed to them.  However our government collects millions of dollars in taxes that contribute to public health nurses, hospitals, family planning clinics, and family living courses in grade school.

37. Astounding Stats…What’s the Issue? • Nearly one in four people, 1.3 billion, live on less than $1 per day. • 3 billion people in the world today struggle to survive on US$2/day

38. Population Control • In developed nations family planning, pension plans, easy access to birth control, education and a changing standard of living have all led to a controlled, stable population.  However, in lesser developed nations, education, family planning, birth control and pensions are all very difficult to obtain. • What plan (of the 7) would you support to help developing nations control their population?

39. 1 Legislation by government could make it illegal to have more than a certain number of babies.  Is that humane?  How do we ensure the correct number.  What is done with children over the limit? 

40. 2 Some people have proposed that war and famine used to be our natural means of birth control.  However if we want to have a manageable plan to control the earth's population surely we cannot let people in famine go unaided or reduce peacekeeping missions.  Clearly this is not an option.

41. 3 Increasing education of the masses is correlated with decreased births.  Could we help to provide education in developing nations?  Is that humane?

42. 4 Pension plans & RRSP's allow us to be secure into our old age and we do not have to worry about having children to take care of us.  Is this something we could promote in under-developed nations?

43. 5 In some regions of the world the disparity between the education received by females and males is tremendous.  We know that education of women is correlated with decreased births.  Is the education of women something we could promote?

44. 6 There is little doubt that birth control is the biggest factor limiting populations in developed nations.  Could we provide less expensive birth control for developing nations?

45. 7 Highly developed economies are associated with decreased birth rates.  Should we concentrate on supporting improvements to their economies as an ultimate route to controlling birth rates?

46. 8 Technology has increased and health care has improved. Death rates are decreasing and people are surviving longer… Should we stop keeping people alive for so long? Is that humane? Who decides?

47. Natural Change • There are only two factors that can increase a population, births and immigration.  • Natural Increase: considers only births as a means of increasing the population.

48. Natural Change • Likewise, there are only two factors that can decrease a population, deaths and emigration.  • Natural Decrease: considers only the deaths as a means of decreasing the population.

49. Natural Change= difference in births & deaths • Natural Increase occurs when there are more births than deaths (most of the World) • Natural Decrease occurs when there are more deaths than births (Some Euros, Japan soon)