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Part 61

And so it goes. Part 61 . Subpart B Aircraft Ratings and Pilot Authorizations. Aircraft Breakdown. Category Airplane Rotorcraft Glider Lighter than air Class (Airplane) Single-engine land Multi-engine land Type Specific make and model of aircraft >12,500 lb at takeoff

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Part 61

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  1. And so it goes Part 61 Subpart B Aircraft Ratings and Pilot Authorizations

  2. Aircraft Breakdown • Category • Airplane • Rotorcraft • Glider • Lighter than air • Class (Airplane) • Single-engine land • Multi-engine land • Type • Specific make and model of aircraft • >12,500 lb at takeoff • Powered by one or more turbojets

  3. 61.63 Additional Aircraft Ratings • Additional category rating • Received required training • Possess aeronautical experience • Endorsement in logbook/training record • Authorized instructor • Competent in aeronautical knowledge areas • Proficient on areas of operation • Pass required practical test • Need not take an additional knowledge test

  4. 61.63 Additional Aircraft Ratings • Additional class rating • Endorsement in logbook/training record • Authorized instructor • Competent in aeronautical knowledge areas • Proficient on areas of operation • Pass required practical test • Need not meet specified training time requirements • Need not take an additional knowledge test

  5. 61.63 Additional Aircraft Ratings • Additional type rating • Hold/concurrently obtain appropriate instrument rating • Endorsement in logbook/training record • Authorized instructor • Competent in aeronautical knowledge areas • Proficient on areas of operation • Pass required practical test • Performed in in actual or simulated instrument conditions • May obtain “VFR only” limitation • Removed when passed in actual or simulated conditions • Need not take an additional knowledge test

  6. 61.65 Instrument Rating Requirements • General • Hold Current private pilot certificate • English (Read, speak, and understand) • Receive and log ground training • Receive logbook/training record endorsement • Receive/log training on areas of operation in aircraft, flight simulator, or FTD • Pass required knowledge test • Pass required practical test – can be done in a(n) • Airplane • Flight simulator • FTD (instrument approach procedures are limited to one precision and one non-precision approach)

  7. 61.65 Instrument Rating Requirements • Aeronautical knowledge (Flight proficiency) • Preflight preparation • Preflight procedures • ATC clearances and procedures • Flight by reference to instruments • Navigation systems • Instrument approach procedures • Emergency operations • Postflight procedures

  8. 61.65 Instrument Rating Requirements • Aeronautical Experience • At least 50 hours of cross-country flight time • At least 10 hours in airplanes for instrument rating • 40 hours actual or simulated instrument time in area of operation • At least 15 hours of instrument flight time from authorized instructor in aircraft category • At least 3 hours of instrument training from authorized instructor within 60 days preceding date of test • At least one cross country flight performed under IFR & • Distance at least 250 NM along airways or ATC-directed routing • An instrument approach at each airport • 3 different kinds of approaches with the use of navigation systems **If instrument training was provided in a flight simulator or FTD - Max of 30 hours in flight simulator or FTD if accomplished with Part 142 - Max of 20 hours in flight simulator or FTD if not accomplished with Part 142

  9. 61.67 Cat II or III Pilot Requirements • General • At least private or commercial certificate or ATP • Private/commercial with instrument rating • Type rating for aircraft for authorization • Category and class rating for aircraft • Experience requirements • At least 50 night flight time as PIC • 75 hours instrument time under actual or simulated conditions not more than: • Combination of 25 hours in flight simulator or FTD, or • 40 hours of simulated flight time if under Part 142 • 250 hours of cross-country time as PIC

  10. 61.68 Cat II or III Pilot Requirements • Practical Test Requirements • Either issuance or renewal of Cat II authorization • Add another type aircraft to Cat II authorization • If not passed practical test in preceding 12 months, then • Have performed at least 6 ILS approaches during the 6 calendar months preceding the month of the test • At least 3 of approaches must have been conducted without the use of an approach coupler

  11. “Uncle” Anyone? Part 61 Subpart C Student Pilots

  12. 61.83 Student Pilot Eligibility • At least 16 years old • At least 14 years old for glider or balloon • Read, speak, write, and understand English • Application must be submitted to: • Designated aviation medical examiner if applying for an FAA medical certificate • An Examiner • A Flight Standards District Office

  13. 61.87 Student Pilot Solo Requirements • Aeronautical knowledge • Pass knowledge test that meets • Applicable sections of Parts 61 & 91 • Airspace rules and procedures for airport where flight will be performed • Flight characteristics and operational limitations for the make/model aircraft • Student’s authorized instructor must • Administer the test and review all incorrect answers • Authorize student to conduct solo flight

  14. 61.87 Student Pilot Solo Requirements • Pre-solo flight training • Received/logged flight training for maneuvers and procedures • Demonstrated satisfactory proficiency and safety • Student pilot must have an endorsement dated within the 90 days prior to the flight • For solo flight at night, student pilot must receive: • Training at night in the vicinity of the airport • Flight training at night on night procedures that include takeoffs, landings, approaches, and go-arounds • Endorsement must be dated within the 90 days prior to the flight

  15. 61.89 Student Pilot General Limitations • Student pilot may not act as PIC: • That is carrying a passenger • That is carrying property for compensation/hire • For compensation/hire • In furtherance of a business • On an international flight • With a flight or surface visibility less than 3 SM during daylight hours or 5 SM at night • When flight cannot be made with visual reference to the surface • In a manner contrary to any limitations in the pilot’s logbook

  16. Student Pilot Solo CC Limitations • Conduct solo CC flight • Flight >25NM from originating airport • Make solo flight and landing at airport other than airport of origination

  17. Student Pilot Solo CC Requirements • For cross country solo flights, student pilots must: • Receive flight training from an instructor on the maneuvers and procedures that are appropriate • Instructor training includes flight in both directions, entering and exiting traffic patterns, and takeoffs and landings at the other airport • Demonstrate cross country proficiency on the appropriate maneuvers and procedures • Satisfactorily accomplish pre-solo flight maneuvers and procedures • Instructor endorses student’s logbook authorizing flight • Comply with any limitations included in the instructor’s endorsement

  18. Stud Pilot Class B Airspace Operations • Operate in “B” airspace: • Receive ground and flight training on airspace and flight training received in specific airspace area for solo flight • Logbook endorsed by instructor within 90-day period preceding date of flight • Endorsement shows ground and flight training, and is proficient to conduct solo flight in specific “B” airspace • Operate at airport located in “B” airspace: • Receive ground and flight training from instructor at specific airport for solo flight • Logbook endorsed by instructor within 90-day period preceding date of flight • Endorsement shows ground/flight training, and is proficient to conduct solo flight operations at specific airport

  19. “Does anyone really know what time it is?” Part 61 Subpart E Private Pilots

  20. “DOES ANYONE CARE?”

  21. 61.103 Eligibility (General) • At least 17 years of age • Able to read/speak/write/understand English • Receive logbook endorsement that: • Training was conducted or person’s home study was reviewed on knowledge areas • Certified person is prepared for required knowledge test • Pass knowledge test • Receive flight training & logbook endorsement • Training conducted in areas of operation • Certified person is prepared for practical test • Pass practical test – Comply with Part 61

  22. 61.105 Aeronautical knowledge Page 166 61.105 Flight proficiency Page 168

  23. 61.109 Private single-engine rating • At least 40 hours flight time, and includes • 10 hours of solo flight training in area of operations • At least 20 hours of flight training, including • 3 hours of cross country flight training in a single engine aircraft • 3 hours of night flight training in a single engine aircraft • 1 cross country flight over 100 NM total distance • 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop • 3 hours flight training in a single engine aircraft on control & maneuvering solely by reference of instruments • 3 hours flight training in preparation for practical test & performed with 60 days preceding date of test • 10 hours of solo flight time in a single engine aircraft, consisting of at least

  24. 61.109 Private single-engine rating • At least 40 hours flight time, and includes • 10 hours of solo flight time in a single engine aircraft • 5 hours of solo cross country time • 1 solo cross country flight of at least 150 NM total distance, with full-stop landings at a minimum of 3 points • 3 takeoffs & 3 landings to a full stop at an airport with an operating tower

  25. 61.109 Private multi-engine rating • At least 40 hours flight time, and includes • 10 hours of solo flight training in area of operations • At least 20 hours of flight training, includes • 3 hours of cross country flight training in a multi-engine aircraft • 3 hours of night flight training in a multi-engine aircraft • 1 cross country flight over 100 NM total distance • 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop • 3 hours flight training in a multi-engine aircraft on control & maneuvering solely by reference of instruments • 3 hours flight training in preparation for practical test & performed with 60 days preceding date of test • 10 hours of solo flight time in a multi-engine aircraft, consisting if at least

  26. 61.109 Private multi-engine rating • At least 40 hours flight time, and includes • 10 hours of solo flight time in a multi-engine aircraft • 5 hours of solo cross country time • 1 solo cross country flight of at least 150 NM total distance, with full-stop landings at a minimum of 3 points • 3 takeoffs & 3 landings to a full stop at an airport with an operating tower

  27. 61.110 Night Flying Exceptions • Reside in Alaska and receive flight training, but does not meet night requirements • May be issued pilot certificate with “Night flying prohibited” limitation • Must comply with night flying requirements with the 12-calendar-month period after pilot certificate is issued • “Night flying prohibited” is removed when • Night flying training requirements are accomplished • Training record endorsement in logbook from authorized instructor is presented to examiner

  28. 61.113 Privileges & Limitations: PIC • Not act as PIC of aircraft carrying property or passengers for compensation or hire • May not act as PIC of aircraft for compensation or hire • May act as PIC, for compensation or hire, in connection with business or employment if: • Flight is only incidental to business/employment • Aircraft does not carry passengers/property for compensation or hire • Private pilot may not pay less than pro rata share of operating expenses • Only fuel, oil, airport expenditures, or rental fees

  29. 61.113 Privileges & Limitations: PIC • May act as PIC of charitable, non-profit, or community event flight if sponsor & pilot comply with 91.146 • May be reimbursed for operating expenses directly related to search and rescue • May demonstrate aircraft in flight to prospective buyer if he is an aircraft salesman and logged at least 200 hours

  30. Surely you can’t be serious Part 61 Subpart F Commercial Pilots

  31. 61.123 Eligibility: General • For commercial pilot certificate, person must • Be at least 18 years of age • Be able to read, speak, write, understand English • Receive logbook endorsement • Required ground training conducted • Prepared for knowledge test • Pass required knowledge test • Receive training and logbook endorsement • Required training conducted on areas of operation • Prepared for practical test • Meet aeronautical experience requirements • Pass required practical test • Hold private pilot certificate

  32. 61.125 Aeronautical Knowledge • Applicable FARs that relate to commercial pilot privileges, limitations, flight operations • Accident reporting requirements of NTSB • Basic aerodynamics and principles of flight • Meteorology – wind shear added • Safe/efficient operation of aircraft • See remainder of list on page 193 of Part 61

  33. 61.127 Flight Proficiency • See Part 61 Page 194 - 196

  34. 61.129 Commercial single-engine rating • At least 250 hours flight time, and includes • 100 hours in powered aircraft, 50 hours in airplanes • 100 hours of PIC flight time • 50 hours in airplanes • 50 hours in cross-country flight (10 in airplanes) • 20 hours training in area of operation • 10 hours instrument training (5 in single-engine airplane) • 10 hours training in airplane with retractable landing gear, flaps, and a controllable pitch propeller • One cross-country flight of at least 2 hours in single-engine in day VFR, total straight-line distance of more than 100 NM from original point of departure

  35. 61.129 Commercial single-engine rating • 20 hours training in area of operation (con’t) • One cross-country flight of at least 2 hours in single-engine in night VFR, total straight-line distance of more than 100 NM from original point of departure • 3 hours in single-engine airplane in preparation for the practical test, within 60-day period preceding date of test • At least 250 hours flight time, and includes • 10 hours solo flight in single-engine including: • One cross-country flight of not less 300 NM total distance with landings at a minimum of 3 points • 5 hours in night VFR conditions with 10 takeoffs and 10 landings at an airport with an operating tower • Each landing involves a flight in the traffic pattern

  36. 61.129 Commercial multi-engine rating • At least 250 hours flight time, and includes • 100 hours in powered aircraft, 50 hours in airplanes • At least 10 hours of PIC flight time • 50 hours in airplanes • 50 hours in cross-country flight (10 in airplanes) • 20 hours training in area of operation • 10 hours of instrument training ( 5 in multi-engine airplane) • 10 hours training in airplane with retractable landing gear, flaps, and a controllable pitch propeller • One cross-country flight of at least 2 hours in multi-engine in day VFR, total straight-line distance of more than 100 NM from original point of departure

  37. 61.129 Commercial multi-engine rating • At least 250 hours flight time, and includes • 20 hours training in area of operation (con’t) • One cross-country flight of at least 2 hours in multi-engine in night VFR, total straight-line distance of more than 100 NM from original point of departure • 3 hours in multi-engine airplane in preparation for the practical test, within 60-day period preceding date of test • 10 hours solo flight in multi-engine including or 10 hours of flight time performing PIC in multi-engine: • One cross-country flight of not less 300 NM total distance with landings at a minimum of 3 points • 5 hours in night VFR conditions with 10 takeoffs and 10 landings at an airport with an operating tower • Each landing involves a flight in the traffic pattern

  38. 61.129 Aeronautical Experience (Con’t) • Permitted credit for use of a flight simulator or flight training device (not under Part 142) • Credit maximum 50 hours • Permitted credit for use of a flight simulator or flight training device (under Part 142) • Credit maximum 100 hours • Complete an approved commercial pilot course under Part 142, only 190 hours of total aeronautical experience required

  39. 61.131 Night Flying Exceptions • Reside in Alaska and receive flight training, but does not meet night requirements • May be issued pilot certificate with “Night flying prohibited” limitation • Must comply with night flying requirements with the 12-calendar-month period after pilot certificate is issued • “Night flying prohibited” is removed when • Night flying training requirements are accomplished • Training record endorsement in logbook from authorized instructor is presented to examiner

  40. 61.131 Privileges and Limitations • Hold commercial pilot certificate, may act as PIC of an aircraft: • Carrying passengers or property for hire or compensation if qualified and • In accordance with other applicable Parts 61 • Hold commercial pilot certificate, but not instrument rating for airplane: • Certificate contains limitation • Carriage of passengers for hire in airplanes on cross-country flight in excess of 50 NM or at night is prohibited

  41. The Big Kahuna Part 61 Subpart G Airline Transport Pilots

  42. 61.153 Eligibility: General • At least 23 years of age • Be able to read, speak, and write English • Be of good moral character • Meet one of the following requirements • Hold at least a commercial pilot certificate and an instrument rating • Meet military experience to qualify for a commercial pilot certificate and an instrument rating • Hold either a foreign airline transport pilot or commercial pilot license and an instrument rating without limitations

  43. 61.153 Eligibility: General (Con’t) • Meet aeronautical experience • Pass a knowledge test on aeronautical areas • Pass practical test on areas of operation

  44. 61.159 ATP Aeronautical Experience • At least 1,500 hours or total time includes: • 500 hours of cross-country time • 100 hours of night flight time • 75 hours of instrument flight time (actual or simulated) • No more than 25 hours of simulated instrument time in a flight simulator or flight training device • Max of 50 hours of training in a flight simulator or flight training device can be credited toward the instrument flight time requirement (under 142) • Training in a flight simulator or flight training device must represent an airplane

  45. 61.159 Aeronautical Experience • At least 1,500 hours or total time includes: • 250 hours of flight time as PIC or as SIC performing duties as PIC under supervision: • 100 hours of cross-country time • 25 hours of night flight time • Not more that 100 hours of total aeronautical experience obtained in flight simulator or flight training device • Person who has performed at least 20 night takeoffs and landings to a full stop may substitute each additional night takeoff and landing to a full stop for 1 hour of night flight time, not to exceed 25 hours of night flight time.

  46. 61.159 Aeronautical Experience • Commercial pilot may credit following SIC flight time or flight-engineer time toward the 1,500 hour total time • Second-in-command time: • Required to have more than one pilot by flight manual • Engaged in operations under Subpart K of part 91, 121, or 135 • Flight-engineer time: • Airplane required to have flight engineer by flight manual • Acquired with engaged in operations under Part 121 • Acquired while participating in pilot training program approved under Part 121 • Does not exceed more than 1 hour for each 3 hours of flight engineer flight time for a total credited time of no more than 500 hours

  47. 61.159 Aeronautical Experience • Applicant may be issued ATP with this endorsement: • “Holder does not meet the PIC aeronautical experience requirements of ICAO” if applicant: • Credits SIC or flight-engineer time toward the 1,500 hours total flight time • Does not have at least 1,200 hours of flight time as a pilot, including no more than 50 percent as SIC time and none as flight-engineer time • Once pilot accumulates 1,200 hours of flight time as a pilot including no more than 50 percent as SIC time and none as flight-engineer time, ATP certificate will be issued without endorsement

  48. 61.167 Privileges • ATP certificate is entitled to same privileges as commercial pilot certificate with instrument rating • ATP may instruct other pilots in air transportation service and endorse logbook • ATP may instruct in flight simulator and flight training device and endorse logbook • Excluding briefing and debriefings, ATP may not instruct for more than: • 8 hours in any 24-consecutive-hour period • 36 hours in any 7-consecutive-day period • May not instruct CAT II or CAT III operations unless trained and successfully tested

  49. Now we are somebody!! Part 61 Subpart H Flight Instructors

  50. 61.183 Flight Instructor Requirements • At least 18 years old • Read, speak, write, and understand English • Hold either commercial pilot certificate or ATP • Receive logbook endorsement • Pass 2 knowledge tests • Pass required practical test • Log at least 15 hours as PIC in appropriate airplane for instructor rating being sought

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