Scholarly Writing

1. Scholarly Writing Elysa Roberts

2. What is Scholarly Writing? • Scholarly writing is type of writing • Feels unfamiliar and intimidating - is a skill that can be learned • Author has insights on issue, and those insights must be grounded in research and analysis rather than personal experience or opinion • Formal language is expected • Colloquialisms, slang, contractions, biased language, rhetorical questions, and second person pronouns should be avoided • Use people first language The child with Autism vs. The Autistic child

3. Content Issues to Promote Success • Check your use of supporting evidence. • Check match between sources in-text & in list. • Check to see that you achieve your purpose. • Check your attention to audience. • Check for overall quality control. Adapted from: Reese, D. & Wood, J. (2003). The Craft of Scientific Writing. & Sainani (Cobb), K. (2012). Scientific Writing [PowerPoint Slides]. Retrieved from http://www.stanford.edu/~kcobb/courses/writing/index.html

4. Successful Written Presentation • Check overall organization. • Check sentence structure and style. • Check paragraph structure. • Check format. Adapted from: Reese, D. & Wood, J. (2003). The Craft of Scientific Writing. & Sainani (Cobb), K. (2012). Scientific Writing [PowerPoint Slides]. Retrieved from http://www.stanford.edu/~kcobb/courses/writing/index.html

5. 12 Most Common Errors in Writing the airwaves a policy 1. Vague Pronoun Reference • Transmitting radio signals by satellite is a way of overcoming the problem of scarce airwaves and limited how, they are used. • Company policy prohibited smoking, which many employees resented. Adapted from: Reese, D. & Wood, J. (2003). The Craft of Scientific Writing. & Sainani (Cobb), K. (2012). Scientific Writing [PowerPoint Slides]. Retrieved from http://www.stanford.edu/~kcobb/courses/writing/index.html

6. 12 Most Common Errors their allusions 2. Wrong word • The Pacers played there best, but that was not good enough. • Paradise Lost contains many illusions to classical mythology. Rational v. Rationale Advice v. Advise Breathe v. Breath Bathe v. Bath Because v. Since Adapted from: Reese, D. & Wood, J. (2003). The Craft of Scientific Writing. & Sainani (Cobb), K. (2012). Scientific Writing [PowerPoint Slides]. Retrieved from http://www.stanford.edu/~kcobb/courses/writing/index.html

7. 12 Most Common Errors cries keeps 3. Unnecessary shift in tense • Abby laughs until she cried during the class. • Brian is in charge of finance; he will always keep his office locked. Adapted from: Reese, D. & Wood, J. (2003). The Craft of Scientific Writing. & Sainani (Cobb), K. (2012). Scientific Writing [PowerPoint Slides]. Retrieved from http://www.stanford.edu/~kcobb/courses/writing/index.html

8. 12 Most Common Errors one is 4. Unnecessary shift in pronoun • When one first sees a painting by Cathy, you are impressed by a sense of power. Adapted from: Reese, D. & Wood, J. (2003). The Craft of Scientific Writing. & Sainani (Cobb), K. (2012). Scientific Writing [PowerPoint Slides]. Retrieved from http://www.stanford.edu/~kcobb/courses/writing/index.html

9. 12 Most Common Errors was 5. Sentence fragment • The old aluminum boat sitting on its trailer. • We returned to the drugstore. Where we waited for our parents. • We returned to the drugstore. Wwhere we waited for our parents. • The utilization of evidenced-based practice is imperative to perpetuate the professional development of occupational therapy. To assist with carrying out the AOTA Centennial Vision for 2017 by making the connection between education, research and practice. Adapted from: Reese, D. & Wood, J. (2003). The Craft of Scientific Writing. & Sainani (Cobb), K. (2012). Scientific Writing [PowerPoint Slides]. Retrieved from http://www.stanford.edu/~kcobb/courses/writing/index.html

10. 12 Most Common Errors 6. Passive v. Active Voice • Luke Reese has broken many soccer records. • By the time Jim arrived, Mikel had left. • Cigarette ads were designed to appeal especially to children. • We designed the cigarette ads to appeal especially to children. • Cigarette ad designs appeal to children in particular. Responsible party! Adapted from: Reese, D. & Wood, J. (2003). The Craft of Scientific Writing. & Sainani (Cobb), K. (2012). Scientific Writing [PowerPoint Slides]. Retrieved from http://www.stanford.edu/~kcobb/courses/writing/index.html

11. 12 Most Common Errors has she 7a. Lack of subject-verb agreement • A central part of my life goals have been to go to graduate school. 7b. Lack of agreement between pronoun and antecedent • Neither Nadja nor Kari felt that they had been treated fairly. Adapted from: Reese, D. & Wood, J. (2003). The Craft of Scientific Writing. & Sainani (Cobb), K. (2012). Scientific Writing [PowerPoint Slides]. Retrieved from http://www.stanford.edu/~kcobb/courses/writing/index.html

12. 12 Most Common Errors 8. Unparallel Sentence Structure • Unparallel: Locusts denuded fields in Utah, rural Iowa was washed away by torrents, and in Arizona the cotton was shriveled by the placing heat. Vs. Parallel: Locusts denuded fields in Utah, torrents washed away rural Iowa, and blazing heat shriveled Arizona’s cotton. Adapted from: Reese, D. & Wood, J. (2003). The Craft of Scientific Writing. & Sainani (Cobb), K. (2012). Scientific Writing [PowerPoint Slides]. Retrieved from http://www.stanford.edu/~kcobb/courses/writing/index.html

13. 12 Most Common Errors 9. Cluttered wording • “This paper provides a review of the basic tenets of cancer biology study design, using as examples studies that illustrate the methodologic challenges or that demonstrate successful solutions to the difficulties inherent in biological research.” • “This paper reviews cancer biology study design, using examples that illustrate specific challenges and solutions.” Adapted from: Reese, D. & Wood, J. (2003). The Craft of Scientific Writing. & Sainani (Cobb), K. (2012). Scientific Writing [PowerPoint Slides]. Retrieved from http://www.stanford.edu/~kcobb/courses/writing/index.html

14. 12 Most Common Errors 10. Lack of transition between paragraphs According to Salzman et al. (2006) “drugs should be used only when non-pharmacologic approaches have failed to adequately control behavioral disruption” (p. 890). However, this is not standard practice in many long term care settings. A systematic review and meta-analysis performed by Kong, Evans, & Guevara (2009) revealed sensory interventions were effective in reducing agitation (p. 512).   Where’s the link? Adapted from: Reese, D. & Wood, J. (2003). The Craft of Scientific Writing. & Sainani (Cobb), K. (2012). Scientific Writing [PowerPoint Slides]. Retrieved from http://www.stanford.edu/~kcobb/courses/writing/index.html

15. 12 Most Common Errors Transition between paragraphs According to Salzman et al. (2006) “drugs should be used only when non-pharmacologic approaches have failed to adequately control behavioral disruption” (p. 890). However, this is not standard practice in many long term care settings. Evidence supports the use of non-pharmacological interventions. A systematic review and meta-analysis performed by Kong, Evans and Guevara (2009) revealed sensory interventions were effective in reducing agitation (p. 512).   • Bonus: Note Use of Topic Sentence Create a Link - Transition Adapted from: Reese, D. & Wood, J. (2003). The Craft of Scientific Writing. & Sainani (Cobb), K. (2012). Scientific Writing [PowerPoint Slides]. Retrieved from http://www.stanford.edu/~kcobb/courses/writing/index.html

16. Perspectives to Consider • Ernest HemingwayMy aim is to put down on paper what I see and what I feel in the best and simplest way. • Robert Louis Stevenson The difficulty of literature is not to write, but to write what you mean. • Mike Litman You don’t have to get it right, you just have to get it going.